How I Became A Butterfly free essay sample

On August 6, 1991, I started my excursion as a potential butterfly. During my initial â€Å"egg† years I was consistently uncertain of everything; what I melted away to do, where I needed to go and essentially whatever else that had a decision included. I was consistently the diverse one all through my entire life; like a butterfly in an ocean of moths. For instance, if every other person needed vanilla I would in all probability pick strawberry. In preschool, how unexpected it was that I was placed in the butterfly gathering. Since the start of my school days, I was named the calm one, the person who is anxious to please. On the off chance that anyone required something and I had it, I would let the person in question have it since that is how I was raised. As an egg my future was as yet flighty I could take the street increasingly voyaged like my cohorts and become a moth; or I could take the street less voyaged and turn into a butterfly. We will compose a custom paper test on How I Became A Butterfly or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page As of my egg years, my future is as yet dubious. At the point when I developed into a caterpillar, I definitely realized I was unique. By one way or another, every other person saw it as well, since they singled out me for it. All through the principal grade, I was terrified to lift my hand in light of the fact that different children considered me a teacher’s pet, a suck up, a know it all, and numerous different names I have decided to overlook. Until I was placed in the Mentally Gifted (MG) class in second grade, I thought it was awful to be shrewd. Generally, I was an outsider and a bibliophile I accomplished my work and played rope without anyone else at break. In the second grade I met Jordan she turned into my closest companion we did everything together; we would exchange sandwiches at noon and we even went to MG together. Part of the way during that time grade we were put in quickened courses, which implies you get the chance to go to the third grade class for two or three hours consistently, we were so cheerful. In third grade, I needed to move I never observed Jordan again. It hurt yet when I got to my new school there was this young lady named Candice she generally helped me through harsh occasions. She would advise the others to disregard me. We turned into the best of companions. Towards the finish of fourth grade, she found another gathering of companions and this detachment drove me into the shell I held right through center school. In center school my â€Å"cocoon† just became thicker. In center school, peer pressure was at its pinnacle. Each and every other day someone was attempting to convince you to accomplish something like medications, robbery, or whatever it was they jumped at the chance to do. These four years turned into my experimentation years. I did some stupid stuff to push my limits, I didn't do anything like medications, yet I missed my time limitation multiple times just to perceive how far I could abandon getting in a tough situation. During my fifth grade year, I was hopped over and again on the grounds that I would not like to offer different understudies the responses to my schoolwork or my test. I was continually put down and my confidence, what was left, was exhausting rapidly. I was pushed so distant I scarcely had any companions in school. In 6th grade, I met Dumar he was as far as anyone knows the coolest person in school, we were cool and we cooled a couple of times this as far as anyone knows shielded everyone from meddling with me. Life was cool I could stroll through the lobbies without getting hopped life couldn't beat that. At that point Dumar was captured and sent to adolescent corridor and another person assumed control over his situation as the coolest individual in school. The new person was not so much into chilling with individuals that were cool with his adversary so now I had returned to being bounced consistently. In fifth and 6th grade when life got harsh I would take asylum in the after school program office or the medical caretakers office. Hence, when the new individual took over I returned to my concealing spots. I figured I could cover up there until I graduated, yet tragically in seventh grade they transformed the after school room into a space for the custom curriculum understudies. It was during these years I took more shelter in MG then I did some other years. I had companions, individuals who admired me, for an hour each Tuesday. I would peruse to the custom curriculum understudies and when they stayed there and tuned in, I felt so pleased with myself that is the manner by which I realized I truly was developing. At the point when I began secondary school I realized it was to time to break liberated from my shell. In ninth grade, I understood that all the time I was growing up what my mother said was correct. She generally instructed me not to stress what everyone is stating; on the off chance that they are talking, they will do it at any rate and to let them squander their time. I have consistently been informed that I have an attractive character yet in secondary school, I at long last got the opportunity to see it for myself. Gradually, I discovered a few companions. In ninth grade, I just had one companion and she was cool yet I needed more companions, so I proceeded to get a few yet they were sheisty. I at last calculated that the more companions I have the a greater amount of my business that is out in the lanes. At the point when I joined the Unique Imperial Perfections (U.I.P) drill group in ninth grade, I began working on the shell that hid me. In tenth grade when I joined a move gat hering, the Green Dragons, another layer of my shell fell away. At the point when I travel through the lobbies now I won't stroll with my head down, on the off chance that you look carefully you can see the pride that gleams in my expression. In eleventh grade, I at long last broke liberated from that last layer. I am currently a full-developed butterfly and I am prepared to relocate any place the breeze will take me.

CASE STUDY CAMP BOW WOW Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CAMP BOW WOW - Case Study Example the most remarkable impact about working at the Camp Bow Wow’s business home office is that â€Å"you get the chance to carry your pooch to work with you each day.† Workers keep child doors at working environments to get a handle on hounds, and the firm supports standard canine strolling free. In the view of Heidi Ganahl, committing pets at work keep every one of the laborers concentrated on the firm’s mission and what’s useful for the assortment A significant area of camp bow wow’s culture that won't exist in different establishments is the workforce’s profound passionate linkage quickly evident at business home office, where workplaces are occupied with laborers and pets the same. It is affirmed that what is indispensable to the firm is the creatures. Ganahl sees that if the concentration and responsibility concerning the pets is kept, the way of life will stay to be fit as a fiddle for a decent timeframe (Lussier, pg 59). Rendering to Heidi Ganahl, Camp Bow Wow’s big enchilada, business culture has numerous components; it can suggest that logos and licensed material, are an accessibility on the Internet, or even the affiliations built up with clients and laborers. Inconspicuous parts of Camp Bow Wow’s culture incorporate such qualities as overwhelming trouble to acknowledge achievement, a significant worth chatted in Heidi Ganahl’s biography. Then again, another imperceptible worth incorporated at Camp Bow Wow is the idea of giving a compassionate pleasantry to pooches and canine fans. This imperceptible worth has offered ascend to the formation of the Bow Wow Buddies Foundation, a non-benefit part of Heidi Ganahl’s firms that finds homes for unwanted pets, funds in creature infection counteraction examination, and underwrites altruistic treatment of creatures. (Asinine and Marcic, pg 34) Camp Bow Wow’s introductory privately-run company culture was valuable in the first place phase of Camp Bow Wow’s advancement. By and by, Founder Heidi Ganahl said that her firm commanded a differed of culture once it developed into a national establishment. In explicit, Ganahl said that the center needed to float

Corporate Finance And Formulas Of Ratio Analysis Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Corporate finance is defined as, the finance study with financial decisions business enterprises make and the tools and analysis used to make these decisions. Or A company division alarmed the financial operation. In most businesses raising money in corporate finance in different projects. Corporate finance is the method of raising funds or assets for any kind of expenses. Customers business firms and normally governments do not have the funds that they make to perform their operations and the funds that could earn dividends put the original use. The capital agencies including commercial banks savings and loan family are used the glory loan and funds of business. The nonblank organization or firm recognizes the union and investment companies. Finance has three parts which is business finance personal finance and public finance. The shareholders the benefit money investment loses into different way of current assents and other assets. Corporate finance tells us and set of scales the needs of employees customers and suppliers safety of the shareholders. Ratio analyses of the range industrialized company. Profitability ratio The ratios measures that specify how fine a firm are performing in terms of its ability to make profit. Following ratio are used to indict the profitability of a company. Net profit margin ratio Gross profit margin ratio Net asset turnover ratio Operating margin ratio Financial Classes show that help to improve a businesss skill to make money as compared to its fixed cost and other valid costs during a particular stage. When these rations are higher than a competitors ratio or than the companys ratio are preceding the given time that the company is doing well and make progress. These ratios are helpful both the lender and saver t know the current state of the company and give more benefit of owners and manager of the company. These consider the primary ratios. Net profit margin ratio Formula X 100 Net income ratio of Spectrum Company 2006 (944/21,900) x 100= 4.54% Net income ratio of Spectrum Company 2007 (836/27,450) x 100= 3.05% Net income ratio of Spectrum Company 2008 (552/21,015) x 100= 2.63% Net income scope ratio of Spectrum Company goes downward. NPR of spectrum company in 2006 is 4.54 percent and when company comes in 2007 it goes to lose by about 1.49 percent and make at 3.05 percent and in 2008 its 2.63 percent this shape clearly shows that their income fall down year by year which is not a good sign for the holder and management of the company because it give bad feeling to the saver and lenders. Gross profit margin What remains from sales after a company pays out the cost of goods sold. To get gross profit margin split gross profit by sales. Gross profit margin is expresses as a profit. Formula X 100 Gross profit margin ratio of Spectrum Company 2006 (3525/21,900) x 100= 24.32% Gross profit margin ratio of Spectrum Company 2007 (6225/27,450) x 100= 22.67% Gross profit margin ratio of Spectrum Company 2008 (5895/21,015) x 100= 28.05% Gross profit ratio outline prove a good result of the company it is 24.32 percent in 2006 but it cut down in 2007 came on the 22.67percent but in very next year spectrum company improved soon and their gross profit ratio goes positive to the 28.05 percent it mean company have a good manage over their manufacture cost gives good net sales to their owners. Net asset turnover Net assent defined as, Net sales divided by total assets. Net asset turnover ratio show how good assets are used to produce income and benefit. Also called total asset turnover. Formula Capital employed= Total asset current liability Net asset turnover ratio of the spectrum company 2006 (21,900/5878)=3.73 times Net asset turnover ratio of the spectrum company 2007 (27,450/7810)= 3.51 times Net asset turnover ratio of the spectrum company 2008 (21015/8626)= 2.44 times In 2006 company net asset turn over ratio was 3.73 times but company did not sustain this shape promote and it declined minor in 2007 come on 3.51 times and it comes 2.44 times in the present year which is not a fine mark for the company its mean that company make less profits. Operating margin ratio A ratio used to measure a companys pricing strategy and operating efficiency. Formula x 100 Operating profit of Spectrum Company 2006 (1832/21015) x 100= 8.71% Operating profit of Spectrum Company 2007 (2222/27450) x 100= 8.09% Operating profit of Spectrum Company 2008 2377/21900) x 100= 10.85% Overalls its mean procedure of set cost of spectrum company improved year by year in 2006 it was 8.71 percent but in 2007 it was 8.09 percent company try to take it down its handling of fixed cost but company cannot take this drive further way from 2006 and reach on 10.85percent. Return on capital employed (ROCE) Go back on capital employed is used in finance as analyze of the return that a company is realizing from its capital employed. It is usually used as a measure for comparing the act between businesses and for assessing whether a business generates enough income to pay for its cost of resources. Formula x 100 Return on investment of Spectrum Company 2006 (2377/5878) x 100= 40.44% Return on investment of Spectrum Company 2007 (2222/7810) x 100=28.45 % Return on investment of Spectrum Company 2008 (1832 /8626) x 100= 21.24% The company shows the location about their earning. In 2006 it go back on deal 23.03 % which not bad but next year it slowly declined 18.54%. The business gain value slowly and business lose land but earning little profit. ROCE shows that business gaining or loss its resources. Leverage ratio Any ratio used to calculate the financial control of a company how to solve the problem and get an idea of the company and way of financing to calculate the skill to meet financial obligations. There are the different ratios that maintain the factors of debt justice and resources to get the fixed cost. OR A ratio is using to measure the company mix operation about cost given design and how to changes the produce to earning income. A company received more benefit to use different ratios. Fixed and variable costs are the two types of in use costs depending on the company and the business the mix change. Following ratio give output in the force ratio and is organism used to understand the leverage of the company. Capital gearing ratio Debt/equity ratio Interest cover Capital gearing ratio Universally linked to solvency ratio is the capital gearing ratio. Capital gleaning ratio is mostly used to study the capital makeup of a company. The term capital deal refers to the relation between the range of long term form of financing such as debentures favorite and fairness share capital with capital and surpluses. Leverage of capital structure ratios is calculated to test the long term financial position of a firm. The term assets Gearing or power usually refers to the total relationship between equity share capital plus capital and surpluses to desired share capital and other fixed interest bearing funds or loans. Formula x 100 If the company is much geared so he might be look some difficulties in prospect to get finance from bank or from saver. This ratio is the main for a company in value of their current sponsor or for the future investor. Because this ratio can straight affect the ability of the company is able to retain bonus policy during its bad period. Capital gearing ratio of spectrum company2006 (1779/5878) x 100=30.27% Capital gearing ratio of spectrum company2007 (3302/7810) x 100= 42.28% Capital gearing ratio of spectrum company2008 (4770/8626) x 100= 55.30% According to above statement the ratio the financial state of Spectrum Company going from bad to bad. Because in 2006 its capital gearing was 30.27 percent which not bad it mean still company more support as compared to their liabilities but it go high in 2007 which is 42.28 percent at that it is a care sign for the company but because of the ineffective management this angry its 50 percent figure at reach at 55.30 percent company become highly gearing state at this flash it clearly show the financial makeup of the that company did not have enough money for re payment of their loan and might be company come on the circumstances of the bankrupt. This is disappointing stage for the owner of the company. Debt/equity ratio A measure of a companys financial leverage planned by split its total liabilities by stockholders impartiality. It shows us how to use the assets in company in equity and debt the company. A high debt/equity ratio usually means that a company has been hostile in financing its increase with debt. This can result in volatile earnings as a result of the extra interest cost. The debt is used the finance to increased the company performance in different ways. If the earnings money increases then a better amount of debt cost shareholders is more benefit. The company use debt financing outweighs to return to solve the problem likely bankruptcy which would leave shareholders. The debt/equity ratio also used in the industry which the company operates. Formula x 100 Debt/equity ratio of Spectrum Company 2006 (1779/4099) x 100= 43.40% Debt/equity ratio of Spectrum Company 2076 (3302/4508) x 100= 73.24% Debt/equity ratio of Spectrum Company 2008 (3911/4940) x 100= 79.17% Using this ratio it is obviously show that at the present location of company is on way of well geared situation. Its d/e ratio in 2006 was 43.40 percent which was satisfactory but in pending periods there is way variation from 2006 it become 73.24 percent in 2007 and after this year there is no development company to the worse condition and it reach at 79.17 percent which is offensive by the saver or owners of the company. This is normally used the lenders or banks when these are giving loan to company. Interest coverage These ratios are used to resolve the problem of company pay interest on dazzling debt. This ratio is working the interest coverage ratio is calculated by dividing firm earnings money before interest and taxes in year and the company interest fixed cost in same year. The company lower ratio is loaded balance fixed cost. The coverage ratio is 1.5or less then it ability to get interest expenses. When coverage ratio less than 1 then the company is not received any interest expenses. If this ratio is more then 7 times it guess safe hand even if its on 3 times is suitable but below of this show worse condition of company. Formula Interest coverage ratio of Spectrum Company 2006 2377/142 = 16.74 times Interest coverage ratio of Spectrum Company 2007 2222/363 = 6.12 times Interest coverage ratio of Spectrum Company 2008 1832/389 = 4.70 times Spectrum company at rest in state to pay their all interest on their debts but this ratio decreased year by year and I thing company carry on this presentation further might be in future company will not clever to their interest. Because its interest coverage ratio in 2006 was 16.74 times which is very fine but it decreased in 2007 come on 6.12 times but in current year this ratio arrive at 4.70 times which is suitable because silent able to pay its interest but if consider this declined in future so it thing so in very next year company is not able to their interest. Current ratio A liquidity ratio that procedures a companys ability to pay short-term obligations. Or A sign of a companys ability to meet short term debt obligations the higher the ratio the more fluid the company is current ratio is like to current assents divided by current liabilities. If the current assets of a company are more than twice the current liabilities than that company is generally considered to have good short-term financial power. Formula It is possible to be said the recent should be around 2 times but its depend company to company some company 1.5 times. But if it is under 1 its mean company have not too much missing in to pay their debts. Current ratio of Spectrum Company 2006 5519/1916 = 2.88 times Current ratio of Spectrum Company 2007 9138/4307 = 2.12 times Current ratio of Spectrum Company 2008 8756/4770 = 1.84 times. Analysis of current asset ratio of Spectrum manufacturing company In 2006 Spectrum Company recent ratio was 2.88 times its mean at that time company was in burly situation to their debts which was due on that same time periods. But in 2007 it decreased come on 2.12 times which was still suitable. But in current year 2008 its make on 1.84 times which below then 2 it is fear circumstances of a company that they year by year they have not enough assets to pay their debts. Because this depart a bad feeling in market will mot draw to investor that company is able to pay their current liabilities and might be they face difficulties to obtain stack from bank or from lenders. Advantages of ratio analysis Ratio analysis key to understand of financial analysis. It is the condition of business concern and performance. It is simply says that comparison two company figure. Advantages of the ratio analysis To many groups of people who pays the attention in analysis of financial to solve the problem and better position of the company. They used the ration analysis and solved problem and workout the financial analysis and give a good business in a company. To workout the success: money people are worked of ratios and give profitability of the business and calculate the profitability ratios. It will help the company manager to know that about capacity of the business concern. To workout the Solvency: the ratio solved to solvency problem. These ratios show relationships between assets and investment. It will possible to return back the loan of business. Helpful in analysis of financial statement: the ratio analysis is helpful the outsiders creditors or shareholders. These ratios show the bankers to profitability of the company to pay interest. Helpful in relative analysis of the performance: with the help of this ratio analysis the company has got more interest as like previous year. The company knows about weak point about their performance. To simplify the accounting information: in simply accounting ratios are very useful in financial and they briefly summaries the result of complicated computations. To workout the operating efficiency: the ratio shows the efficiency of the company operation and solved various turnover ratios. All turnover ratios work the performance of the business. To workout short term financial position: the ratio makes a good business in short time. It gives good result of financial position and removes business bad efforts and makes to improve it. Helpful for forecasting purposes: accounting ratio indicate the business when it will go wrong turn. With the help of previous years result the make it perfect in future. Disadvantages Ratio analysis is completely communicated on the usual office measures for example earnings per share, in service margin ratio. There are some disadvantages which as follow. Accounting policies There is some bad effect about using the ratios. One of the accounting police indicate reliable and mirror in the business. The original business particular are important skill to make it good investment decisions. The business gives the profit showy or understand the investors are poor decision in which financial no return output. Then problem in accounting policy. The manager need to change accounting policy and not confuses everyone. Information problems Ratios are not give good events in all years. So when ratios are used to carefully. Ratios give clues to maintain the performance or financial state. The company performance show the result of information about analysis makes it good or bad. Out old information in financial statement, the old information of financial statement that facts of accounts are likely at least several months. This might not be proper sign of the company current position. Analysis of the ratio it is difficult to make simpler about whether a particular ratio is good or bad. Contrast of performance over time Price change rise renders given of result over time confusing as financial facts will not be within the same levels of buying power. The project of the company has better its act and location when in fact after adjusting changes it will show the different picture. Technology changes when the technology changes then the ratio can not show better result. Because ratios are working old method and skills. Ratios are affected the technology and loss the performance of the company. Changes in office policy the result shows the company adopted accounting police it will give good result in years as false. The problem is the accounting police give the manipulate results through the changes. Shock of seasons on trading the financial statement the end of year the result of correct evidence may not be same. Company which chooses the best time to produce financial statement is given better result and give good business. Inter firm comparison The two companies are not the same yet they are competitors in the same market. So we are using ratio and compare one company to other but different financial and business risk. FINANCIAL AND NON FINACIAL TECHNIQUES Sales to working capital ratio Indicates the firms ability to finance extra sales with incurring additional debt. Formula Sales/working capital ratio of Spectrum Company 2006 Stock turnover ratio To examination stocks a little further it is likely to use ratio analysis. The stock turnover ratio shows how many times over the business has sold the value of its stocks during the year. Formula X 365 Fixed asset turnover Fixed assent turnover ratio is use to check the value of resources in company. It will show how well the business is using the current assets to make more sales. Its fixed assets to generate sales. Formula Dividend yield The yield a company pays out to its shareholders in the form of dividends. It is calculated by taking the amount of dividends paid per share over the course of a year and dividing by the stocks price. Formula x 100 Non-financial ratio Non financial ratios are almost exclusively used by management since for outsiders the scope for different definitions makes comparison between organizations difficult. The key approaches are based on Employees Operational activities Assets Customers Suppliers They take many forms. Employees Output per hour Employee cost per hour Employee cost per unit Staff retention Employee satisfaction survey statistics Operational Units per day Rejects per 000 Waiting time Cost per hour Cost per unit Assets Machine utilization Cost per unit Downtime Repair statistics Customer Customer satisfaction Order fulfillment Complaint levels Returns Repeat orders Supplier Order fulfillment Complaint levels Returns Non financial ratios used Employee Based Operationally based Asset based Customer based Supplier based Performance of the company Marketing success Production Staff Service Manufacture Ability of the company in ratio Delivery timing Output per employee Suppliers Product life cycle Staff The result of using all ratios financial or non financial are used by spectrum Manufacturing Company. These ratios are the key of success of company. Part (b) Agency Theory A theory about the relationship between a principal and an agent of the principal. A theory explaining the relationship between principals such as a shareholder and agents such as a companys executives. In this relationship the principal delegates or hires an agent to perform work. The theory attempts to deal with two explicit problems: First that the goals of the principal and means are not in clash agency problem and second that the principal and agent reconcile different tolerances of risk. Agency theory is showing the financial economics that attention between people which is different interests in the same assets. The most important factor of agency theory between Managers of companies and shareholders Bond holders and shareholders Agency theory shows important among other things Companies give offer to make acquisitions which is bad for shareholders. Changeable bonds are used which sold with warrants. Funds agreement matters. Agency theory is seldom if ever of direct import to group investment decisions. Very important thing is financial economists model aspects which show capital markets functions. In agency theory the investors are better understand how to gain benefit. One more important factor between interest of shareholders and debt holders which conflict each other. It is bit risk to high return strategy benefits to shareholders and debt holders. Implications of Agency Theory According to me agency theory can be implicated in Spectrum Manufacturing Company on following two issues. Investment. Risk Taking. Investment Investment is use to affection of resources or assets to create financial benefits in the form of income. They make more profit in future. It is use for saving defer. Investment is used in many areas of the economy such as business management and finance. It is not affected for households firms or governments. After analysis an investment involves the choice by a person or an organization such as a income funds or led money in a vehicle or device or asset such as property product stock bond financial matter or the foreign asset denominated in overseas currency that has sure level of risk and provides the possibility of generating returns over a period of time. Shareholder of the company will always think of long term business and the other hand manager goes for the short term investment to show the value every year. For spectrum manufacturing company the conflict can arise on the issue of investment. As company is not very economically sound at this point so share holder would not wa nt any investment. Risk taking Risk taking is very important for the company manager because Risk concerns the likely value of one or more outcome of one or more likely events. For spectrum manufacturing company is not a right decision at this point to get any risk. The result of ratio analysis the company has not progress fine in these three years so if management needs to take any uncertain plan on this can grounds an agency problem. - Part (c) Dividend policy Dividend is the separation of value to shareholders. The dividend policy to be created by the company which is the base on tow factor. One is sorted out of permanent dividend policy put into place. The company policies are decided to current position and future financial position. The preferred and direction of the investors are also taken into account. A companys dividend policy is the companys standard do when deciding how big a bonus sum to create. Dividend policy may be frankly stated or investors may believe the dividend payments of the company that had made in past. A dividend police is taken a plan of out share of the company. If company is not defined the dividend police then the shareholders will be finished. The investors are likely to make The DPS maintain the dividend police which preceding whole years level is very low and company has finished the dividend as well possible. The investors are maintained the payment ratio normally level in the past and they make it completed in the future. The police of dividend increase to cover as well as it do not drop to low of payments. Companies do not increase dividends only if they are secure to increase is sustainable. It means the company management increasing dividend and indication of investors to persuade. The dividend police cuts regularly then some permanent drop in a business of company. - Q 2 (a) Debt financing Financial by selling bonds bills or notes to person or institutions. When a firm increases money for working assets or capital expenditures by selling bonds bills or notes to person and institutional shareholders, in arrival for return back the money the persons. Become creditors and receive that the chief and interest on the debt will be repaid. Debt financing is basically money that you use to run your business. Debt finance is two types Long term Debt Financing usually applies to capital your business is purchasing such as gear buildings land or technology. With long term debt financing the listed repayment of the loan and the likely helpful in life of the asset. Short Term Debt Financing short term debt finance is needed money for the day of end for operations of the business which is including purchasing list supplies or paying the employees salary. Short term financing is working long term business or short term business loan because refund time is less than one year. In a large business which you run or you have already cash flow and property then you get high safety loan. If however you area sole seller or run a small business you might be optional to use your personal wealth for example your house as security for a loan. For this reason many businesses request support for which they do not have to make direct expenses equity financing. Equity Financing Financing by selling common stock or favored stock to investors. Equity financing define as money acquired from the small or medium business owners themselves or from investors. The stockholders buy the shares in a corporation to create equity financing and the investors who give the fund for business. In small business owners are invest their own money into their businesses that gleaned from bequest saving or even the saving or even the sale assets themselves which include the equity finance which serves it. Equity financing is gift for these kinds of business or investors. They want to expend share and get the risks as well as rewards. Equity finance is work for those investors which are prepared to personal business in large amount of get loan and return to the share ownership in the firms. The searches of loan you get do not choose only one type of financing it is possible to get or loss and both equity financing are all parties involved it. They get all benefit or advantages of equity finance. Sources of financing a public company The company would choose the diverse sources of finance depending on the amount required and which it is needed. Finance drive into three categories namely Traditional sources Ownership capital Non-ownership capital Traditional sources of finance Internal resources have traditionally been the chief source of finance for a company. Internal resources could be a companys resources personal funds and profits that have not been reinvested or distributed among shareholders. Working capital is a short term source of finance and is the money used for a companys day to day behavior including salaries rent payments for raw resources and electricity bills. Ownership capital Ownership capital is the capital owned by the shareholders of a company. A business can raise large funds through an IPO. These funds are usually used for large fixed cost such as new product development growth into a new market and setting up a new plant. The various types of shares are Ordinary shares: these are also known as equity shares and give the owner the right to share the companys profits and vote at the firms general meetings. Preference shares: the owners of these shares may be entitled to a fixed share but usually do not have the right to vote. Companies that are already listed on a stock exchange can opt for a rights issue which seeks additional asset from existing shareholders. They could also opt for late normal shares where in the issuing company is not required to pay dividends until a one date or before the profits reach a certain level. Unquoted companies can also issue and trade their shares in over the counter markets. Non-ownership capital Non ownership capital includes funds raised from lenders such as banks and creditors. Companies usually use a fixed amount from a bank at a fixed interest rate and with a fixed repayment schedule. Certain bank accounts offer overdraft services. This is used by companies to meet their short term fund requirements as they usually come at very high interest rate. Factoring enables a company to raise fund using its dazzling invoices. The company typically receives about 85% of the value of the invoice from the factor. This method is more fitting for overcoming short term cash flow issues. Hire purchase allows a company to use an asset without directly paying the complete purchasing price. Trade credit enables a company to obtain products and services from another firm and pay the bill later. Sources of Finance: Venture Capital Firms in the early stages of growth can pick for venture capital. This option gives the financing company some ownership as well as power over the way of the project

Gender Sexuality As A Social Construct - 1601 Words

Alike gender, sexuality is also a social construct, especially when looking at the period before the 18th century, when one’s sexual orientation did not matter, hence there being no need for justification, just as pointed by Foucault: â€Å"Sexual practices had little need of secrecy; words were said without undue reticence, and things were done without too much concealment; one had a tolerant familiarity with the illicit.† (3). And the 19th century came and brought with it a big change, and not only did people become engulfed by social norms, whom they should abide at all costs, but they also had to keep their sexual preferences under lock and key: â€Å"But twilight soon fell upon this bright day, followed by the monotonous nights of the Victorian†¦show more content†¦When one is deemed a â€Å"boy†, one has yet to overcome the threshold of childhood, in order to become a man: â€Å"He was a boy, just a boy, when I was a very young girl.† (Will iams 95). Conversely, Stanley was the embodiment of masculinity, from his clothes to his behaviour. He was loud (â€Å"Stanley rarely talks, he â€Å"shouts,† â€Å"bellows,† â€Å"booms,† or â€Å"hollers.†(Guilbert 99)), uncouth, the sole provider of his family, he deemed himself the â€Å"king† of his household and did not shy away from domestic violence. So, just as described by Tenessee Williams, Stanley was exactly how a man was expected to be, back then: He is of medium height, about five feet eight of nine, and strongly, compactly built. Animal joy in his being is implicit in all his movements and attitudes. Since earliest manhood the center of his life has been pleasure with women, the giving and taking of it, not with weak indulgence, dependently, but with the power and pride of a richly feathered male bird among hens. (Williams 29) Being the typical image of American masculinity, Stanley dressed accordingly, he wore a wife-beater and was relatively careless about his appearance because straight men could not be bothered with such trifles: â€Å"He wears an undershirt and grease-stained seersucker pants.† (Williams 71). In contrast, Allan, because of his sexuality, was expected to be the complete opposite of Stanley, extremely careful with hisShow MoreRelatedSexuality And Gender : Social Constructs Essay1366 Words   |  6 PagesSexuality and Gender are social constructs. They are more like fluid concepts. Both are on spectrums. Why could they be considered controversial topics, more specifically the spectrum? Well, the idea of sexuality being more than just heterosexuality has been challenged by conservative types and others alike for years. They may even deem anything other than heterosexuality as something abnormal and immoral. For some, it can be quite difficult to understand that sexuality is on a s pectrum. EspeciallyRead MoreGender And Gender Essay774 Words   |  4 PagesThe social constructionist viewpoint on gender and sexuality seems to be the one of the most plausible ways to study and examine the topics. Although biology no doubt has an impact on attraction, and quite possibly gender, society influences the choices of everyone, and whether a person realizes it or not, society shapes their identity. The structure of society and its norms influence everything a person does, including their gender and sexuality. Gender is already considered to be a social constructRead MoreSexuality As A Social Construct1486 Words   |  6 PagesHannah St. Lifer Sexuality as a Social Construct Heternormativity is the idea that there exist two distinctive classifications of the genders, males and females, with customary roles in society. The idea asserts that heterosexuality is the only normal sexual orientation of people and that all sexual and marital relations must abide by this norm. Society has adopted this belief and constructed it into a standard of life. It is normal for people to automatically presume that most other people are heterosexualRead MoreHuman Nature : Gender System Is Established On A Basis Of Our Own Standards875 Words   |  4 PagesIn the U.S. the gender system is established on a basis of our own standards. â€Å"The paradox of human nature is that it is always a manifestation of cultural meanings, social relationships, and power politics; not biology, but culture, becomes destiny† (Lorber 117). We do not picture males and females based on their genitalia, but rather the way that people express their gender identity. No matter someoneâ€℠¢s personal identification, the greater society will â€Å"do gender† and categorize them anyway. TheRead MoreGender And Gender Identity1648 Words   |  7 PagesIn light of performativity, political transformation via hegemonic cultural practices continues to advocate for gender parody. Overall, the recent exploration of alterity ethics complements performativity politics by exploiting the subversive potential of gender identity as well as female identity. For the oppressed individuals, power should be subverted via political strategy guided by the consequences and punishment with the objective of maximizing the good in the society. In other words, performativityRead MoreMargaret Atwood s The Handmaid s Tale931 Words   |  4 Pagesculture and society. With the recent exploration of sexuality a new concept of sexual and gender identity has emerged and is being analyzed in various fields of study. The ideology behind what defines gender and how society explains sex beyond biology has changed at a rapid pace. In response various attempts to create specific and catch all definit ions of growing gender and sexual minorities has been on going. This has resulted in the concept of gender becoming a multi- layered shifting hypothesis toRead MoreAnalysis Of Allen Ginsberg s Howl And 1661 Words   |  7 PagesAllen Ginsberg was one of the greatest admired Beat Generation poets, who particularly used free flowing, aggressive and occasionally a discourteous style of language to show that the rule and social structure over heterosexuality can be filled with opposition, so he decided to release queerness. Ginsberg strongly disputed capitalism and conformity that notably consisted of sexual repression, so he incorporated in the development of counterculture and challenged the heteronormative, procreation-drivenRead MoreModern Culture : The Japanese Manga A Sub Culture Based Around Graphic Novels1606 Words   |  7 PagesIn Japanese modern culture, patriarchal constructs rule everyday ideology of what it is to be feminine, how the female body should look, and appro priate female sexual behaviour. Representations (and expectations) of the female form and sexuality are well depicted in the Japanese manga: graphic novel artwork that is read ubiquitously throughout Japan. Exploration of this art-form and the culture that grows around it provides a unique insight into current cultural attitudes in Japan. Shojo manga -Read MoreGender, Gender And Sexuality Essay1748 Words   |  7 Pagesin the class lectures that Women and Gender Studies challenge the idea of whose knowledge is privileged or valued. The article â€Å"Doing Gender, Doing Class† serves as a great example to ask that question in regards to the expression of gender and sexuality, and how those two are heavily influenced by the social class construct. Trautner argues that â€Å"gender in organizations interacts with other major features of stratification - such as class and race - to construct unique organizational cultures thatRead MoreThe Child Is A Child Essay1433 Words   |à ‚  6 Pagestoys. This is not the first time, Marcus has done this, the action of playing with his sisters toys and his shy demeanor, has made his family question Marcus sexuality labeling him possibly gay before he’s had the chance to make this conclusion for himself. Therefore, because Marcus choice in toys and non-rambunctious demeanor, his sexuality was chosen for him because it was outside of the model of what it means to be a male child. Though, this is hypothetical scenario, it is a common one. Within

Performance At The Super Bowl Essay - 2263 Words

â€Å"I think the most beautiful art is usually misunderstood,† Beyoncà © stated in an interview with Elle magazine after her controversial performance at the Super Bowl this past February. Beyoncà © released her sixth individual album, Lemonade, on April 23, 2016, which has songs showing her support for the Black Lives Matter movement and in favor of criminal justice and policing reform through lyrics and visual symbolism in her music videos and performances. Beyoncà © delivers a Grammy-nominated album with songs such as â€Å"Formation† and â€Å"Freedom† that point out the slanted relationships between black men and women and police officers through the War on Drugs, racial profiling, mass incarceration, and policing policies. With her Super Bowl, VMA, and BET award show performances, Beyoncà © and her backup dancers dresses, choreography, and other visual elements that give nods towards the Black Power Movement. The links between music and political chang e make a statement that the time is now for people to speak out against racial injustice and to get â€Å"in formation.† When Beyoncà © released her first single, â€Å"Formation† on February 6, 2016, she had a direct reason for doing this. It was in honor of the day after what would have been Trayvon Martin’s 21st birthday and the day before what would have been Sandra Bland’s 29th birthday. Both Trayvon and Sandra’s deaths are pivotal points for the Black Lives Matter movement. Another significant fact is that she released it the day before the SuperShow MoreRelatedThe Super Bowl Experience : A University Of South Carolina Aiken Student925 Words   |  4 PagesThe Super Bowl Experience Carmen Johnson Dr. Triana Sports Communication February 16, 2017 University of South Carolina Aiken On my honor as a University of South Carolina Aiken student, I have completed my work according to the principle of Academic Integrity. I have neither given nor received any unauthorized aid on this assignment/examination. Introduction The Super Bowl is the yearly championship game of the National Football League (NFL). The NFL is the highest level of professional footballRead MoreA Reflection Paper On Uefa Champions League1112 Words   |  5 PagesJuventus from the Italian Seria A. On the other hand, the Super Bowl is the yearly championship game of the National Football League (NFL). It signifies that the regular season has ended and culminates in the award of the Super Bowl trophy. Both events bear several similarities as well as differences. The paper analyzes the 2017 UEFA Champions League Final and compares it to the Super Bowl. Both the UEFA Champions League and Super Bowl in the United States are big sporting events both nationallyRead MoreHistory of The Super Bowl Essay1591 Words   |  7 PagesThe impact of the Super bowl has been a phenomenon. In fact, since January 1967 â€Å"it has become part of the American culture, which illustrates that it has become the single-most important event in the sporting world currently† (Johnson, Savidge, pp. 83). The Super bowl had quite humble origins, which is why it is shocking to understand as to why this game became vastly popular and remains that way. In fact, one would notice that it is a county fair, a weeklong convention along with an unofficialRead MoreSuper Bowl : The Championship Game1296 Words   |  6 PagesThe Super Bowl The Super Bowl is the championship game in football. It is what every team in the National Football League aims to get to. The Super bowl is the most watched game in America. But it didn t start out that way. Actually, the name, â€Å"Super Bowl† was supposed to only be a temporary name, but that will be explained in the section How the Super Bowl Started And the first Super Bowl did not start well. In fact, the first Super Bowl didn’t even sell out. But the differences from the firstRead MoreChallenges of Marketing the Super Bowl1691 Words   |  7 PagesThe Super Bowl: Continuing to generate buzz about Americas biggest sporting event Table of contents Executive summary....3 Problem (Issue) statement...3 Data analysis...3 Key decision criteria...5 Alternatives analysis...7 Recommendations...7 Action and implementation plan...8 Executive summary This paper is a case analysis of the business aspects of marketing the Super Bowl, Americas largest sporting event. The Super Bowl is the most popular televised sporting event and isRead MoreAdvertisement Is The Super Bowl985 Words   |  4 Pagesabout a product or service(Advertisement). One of the biggest platforms on TV for an advertisement is the Super Bowl. It is by far the most watched TV event every year. A platform this big cost a lot of money. Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII cost on average $4 million for only thirty seconds of airtime (Schwartz). Toyota used this platform to introduce the all new Prius 4 during Super Bowl 50 when they broadcasted their commercial, The Longest Chase. This ninety-second commercial cost ToyotaRead MoreThe New England Patriots: Making the Team Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pagesin United States. There are 32 teams at any time playing for NFL. Although NFL hosts several games all round the year but Super Bowl is undoubtedly the most popu lar game of the year. It is the champion ship game for NFL played once a year. Because of its high number of followers, Super Bowl is the money-circulating event of the year. NFL players also consider winning Super Bowl as the glorious moment of their lives. The article, â€Å"The New England Patriots: Making the Team†, shares the story of a teamRead MoreEssay On Patriots Bend They DonT Break1031 Words   |  5 PagesBend; They Don’t Break The New England Patriots are America’s 2017 Super Bowl champions. They are not just a one win team but have now acquired 5 seasons of excellence. Winning Super Bowls XXXVI 2002, XXXVIII 2004, XXXIX 2005, XLIX 2015, and LI 2017, They have placed themselves in the top tiers. More importantly what signifies their accomplishments is that coach Bill Belichick and star Quarterback Tom Brady have been to the Super Bowl 7 times since they took over in 2000. Together they have led theirRead MoreAdvertisement Analysis : The Super Bowl996 Words   |  4 Pagesabout a product or service(Advertisement). One of the biggest platforms on TV for an advertisement is the Super Bowl. It is by far the most watched TV event every year. A platform this big cost a lot of money. Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII cost on average $4 million for only thirty seconds of airtime(Schwartz). Toyota used this platform to introduce the all new Prius 4 during Super Bowl 50 when they aired their commerc ial, The Longest Chase. This ninety second commercial cost Toyota a bunchRead MoreAn Analysis Of The Denver Broncos 1516 Words   |  7 Pagesteams that look poised to make a run to Super Bowl 52 in Minneapolis. 5. Denver Broncos Starting our countdown, we have the Denver Broncos. After a narrow 24-21 victory over the Los Angeles Chargers in Week 1, the Broncos welcomed the Dallas Cowboys to Mile High in Week 2 and shocked the football world with a 42-17 thrashing of the NFC East favorites. After one of last weekend’s most anticipated games, Denver has suddenly reemerged as a true Super Bowl contender. The defense looked elite last

Preconditions of Auditing of KGC Ltd Mine

Question: Write an essay onPreconditions of auditing of KGC Ltd mine. Answer: Preconditions of auditing of KGC Ltd mine operating in Papua New Guinea : Before conducting the audit , several points have to be accounted for . The account balances and all the financial statements of the company should adhere to the rules and regulations of the Australian auditing standard. The acceptability of the financial report of the company by the auditors requires it to be in the framework of the guidelines set as per the auditing standard. The auditor is required to carry out the inspection of the company in terms of any factors and he should have access to all the detailed information about the companys financial so as to enable him to form a correct opinion about the companys financial reporting. Confidentiality into the financial data should be enquired into and investigation should be made regarding the fraud and material misstatement or any human error reported in the data(Flammer 2013). Enquiry should also be made by the auditor so that the entity is not exposed to any social or ethical threats which may lead to questioning its integrity. Performing these tasks of enquiring and investigating would enable the auditor to take the appropriate measures and safeguard which would help in mitigating the risks associated with the entity and the task of auditing could be performed with ease. KGC Ltd has been accused of being environmentally irresponsible and so it poses ethical threat and the auditor should take appropriate measures to mitigate the risks to such a level which can be accepted. If the financial statements are not adhering to the guidelines of the auditing standard , then there arises the need for auditor to turn down the engagement of auditing tasks. The fact that the auditor should accept the role of auditing or not depend upon the risks associated with the entity. There are many types of risks involved and their assessment and carrying out auditing process is a bit complex process. Auditor needs to follow some procedures to determine the risks which could lead to material misstatement of the financial statements and they should seek for the evaluation and control method to detect the error in the annual financial statements. . The inherent risk, control risk and the detection risks are mentioned to be associated in conducting audit of the entity and they together they form audit risk(Gashi and Shala 2015). The inherent risks stands at 80 % which is inherent to the peculiarity of the firm. Regarding its activities , the environment in which it operates and the nature of accounts, financial and organizational structure . The auditor needs to assess the inherent risks by enquiring about the entity about its management and the accounting procedures it follows while maintain the account of balances and investigating about the characteristics of the company that is unique to its function such as management of risks relating to its attitude , future prospects of the organizations. Control risk is the risk of not detecting the error with the help of internal control system . There would be a probability of transformation of potential risk into possible risk, if the internal control system suffers from any weakness. Control risk is associated with the designs and the nature of operation of the entity. The control risks stands at 10 % which is not too high. Detection risks is the incapability of the auditors to identify the errors contained in the account of balances and the financial statements , though it is not possible to eliminate the risk completely or to ensure that the financial statements are free from error, the auditors are required to reduce it by following the proper auditing procedures and techniques. The detection risk stands at 50% which indicate that there is 50-50 chance of auditors not able to detect the errors existing in the financial statements. The risks involved in auditing should be limited to a acceptable level. Audit risk stands at 4 % which is acceptable and it follows from the product of inherent risk, control risk and detection risk and the analysis of audit risk depend upon these three risks. Here , the assessed level of risks are to be used by the auditor to reduce the audit risk to such a low level which is acceptable by determining the techniques and procedures and the nature and timing . so the audit firm will accept the auditing of The KGC Ltd and the assessed level of risks could be modified by the auditor in the course of conducting the audit on the basis of information which he comes across and he can apply the techniques accordingly. The action plan of auditors regarding the accomplishment of the work and the procedures followed by them forms audit program. While carrying out the audit program , auditors needs to consider and include several things which are The name , address and objective of the entity should be included and it include the date and duration of the audit program to be conducted, that is the time until which the audit will be performed. KGC Ltd is situated in star mountain range in PNG for 30 years. The nature and size of business is another factor to be considered. The net worth of business and the size whether the operating entity is small medium or large enterprise should be considered. KGC Ltd employ 3400 employees and has a net book value of 16.5 $ billion. The procedure and accounting systems followed are to be accounted for in carrying out audit program. The effectiveness of internal control system should be evaluated . Points which are generally accepted also form the content of audit program The future prospects of the entity and its growth and development are to be accounted for. The entitys license to carry out mining activities from PNG government would expired within eight years which puts a doubt in its continuation. The quality and quantity of the deposits of lead ore found are not commercially viable and so the planning process could not be set and the evidence becomes doubtful. The verification of accounts of balances should be done and the royalties and tax payment by the entity should be enquired into. The program include the investigation of the relevant documents(Harrison et al .2015). The audit task are to be completed by dividing the work among the staffs considering their talent skills and intelligence in completing the audit tasks. While revaluing the Property Plant and equipments from historical value or book value to the fair market value should comes with a genuine reason and should be fair. The auditors are required to do the verification of the assets and to ensure that the method of revaluating the assets is reasonable enough. There are points which he need to considered : He is liable to scrutinize all the assets accounts to find out the true cause of revaluation. Depreciation , profits and loss accounts have been properly adjusted or not have to be enquired into. The physical verification of the asset should also be done which is mainly a task of management and the auditor needs to satisfy himself about the competence of the person carrying out the verification. The appraisal or the revaluation of the asset are done by the qualified person , experts and engineers. The revaluation of the assets should be accepted by the auditor, if upon examining he came with a conclusion that the appraisal is reasonable enough and it is based on some adequate facts. The auditor needs to analyze the fact that assets are revalued only because it does not hold any economic benefit and it has not been materially altered for the organizations sake. The opening balance , ledger of all existing PPE should be verified . He should investigate whether the depreciation of the a ssets have been recorded in the proper account before writing off. Auditors should be well versed with the information he is gathering about the asset and on the basis of which he would be forming the opinion about the acceptability of the revaluation whether it has been done fairly or not(Nicolaescu 2013). KGC Ltd is in operation for 30 years and is located in isolated place in Papua new Guinea and employs about 3400 employees. The Net worth of its property , plants and equipments is $ 16.5 billion. Though the company is the only manufacturer and operator of the water processing plants, health centers , hospital and schools , the ongoing court case which has been initiated by some ecological group make its existence doubtful .The company has been accused of being environmentally irresponsible as an allegations of dumping of the ore and lead waste into the river of local villages has been put. The future prospects of the company does not seems to be very positive as the license from the PNG government to carry out its mining activities would also expire in eight years. The information provided by the company about the quality and quantity of ore lead extracted being not commercially viable is also one of the factors . Though the managers estimate of extraction of deposits is quite large over the next eight years when the license is about to expired. These are few facts about the entity which would lead to doubtful future. On the other hand, shut down of the mine firm would be devastating as the employment rate in the labor market would rise to 95% in the absence of any alternative source of employment. Also the estimated annual income of the company is expected to offset the harm and damage caused because of dumping. So, the closure of the mine would make the situation worse than expected. Being environmentally friendly requires the organization to carry out its activities adhering the guidelines set by the environment accounting standards. The dumping of 5 million liter of ore waste into the local village river which is used by b the villagers for harvesting and drinking purpose by KGC Ltd does not expect it to make a statement of being socially responsible. The claim of being environmental friendly would be ruled out as the act of disposing the wastes into river posed it to ethical threats and the stakeholders review the company on the basis of the entities social and moral traits which they would be using as yardstick in measuring the corporate whether it is socially responsible or not. The statement made by the company would not be signed off as true and fair from the point of view of outsiders and stakeholders.The prospectus of the company contain information about the companys objectives, investment strategy , the expenses incurred ,risk associated with any opera tion ,tax payable , brokerage fees , pricing of the product and many more. Issuing of shares by KGC Ltd to raise additional money of $ 5billion on the assurance and claim that the operation would be carried out indefinitely and is at low risks could not be treated as being fair by the investors. The future performance of the company and its growth and development is at halt because of the ongoing court case and due to the expiry of license form the government to carry out its mining activities. Investors willing to invest would be interested in the future prospects of the company which is not so bright. The net worth of the assets of the company is also not worthy of investing. So the investor would not sign off the prospectus as fair and true. Those willing to take risks of investing would need the reports of auditing in order to form some opinion about the companys performance . On the basis of information provided by the organization the investors cloud not treat the prospectus a s being true. The willing investors need to go through the every audited financial statements and reports to investigate and verify them and then forming an opinion of treating the prospectus as fair and investing accordingly. The claim of the entity, of its operation being infinite would not be treated as fair because the license of carrying out the mining activities from the government would expire in eight years. Reference : Flammer, C., 2013. Corporate social responsibility and shareholder reaction: The environmental awareness of investors.Academy of Management Journal,56(3), pp.758-781. Gashi, M. and Shala, N., 2015. Preconditions that Affect in Increasing Control Effect and Increased Chance for Tax Fraud Detection.European Journal of Sustainable Development,5(1), pp.83-90. Harrison, R.A., Gemmell, I. and Reed, K., 2015. The Effect of Using Different Competence Frameworks to Audit the Content of a Masters Program in Public Health.Frontiers in public health,3. Harrison, R.A., Gemmell, I. and Reed, K., 2015. The Effect of Using Different Competence Frameworks to Audit the Content of a Masters Program in Public Health.Frontiers in public health,3. Nicolaescu, E., 2013. Understanding Risk Factors for Weaknesses in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting.Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management,1(3), pp.38-44.

The Picture Of Dorian Gray Corruption Through Aestheticism Essays

The Picture of Dorian Gray: Corruption Through Aestheticism The Picture of Dorian Gray: Corruption Through Aestheticism The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde is the story of moral corruption by the means of aestheticism. In the novel, the well meaning artist Basil Hallward presets young Dorian Gray with a portrait of himself. After conversing with cynical Lord Henry Wotton, Dorian makes a wish which dreadfully affects his life forever. "If it were I who was to be always young, and the picture that was to grow old! For that I would give everything! Yes, there is nothing in the whole world I would not give! I would give my soul for that" (Wilde 109). As it turns out, the devil that Dorian sells his soul to is Lord Henry Wotton, who exists not only as something external to Dorian, but also as a voice within him (Bloom 107). Dorian continues to lead a life of sensuality which he learns about in a book given to him by Lord Henry. Dorian's unethical devotion to pleasure becomes his way of life. The novel underscores its disapproval of aestheticism which negatively impacts the main characters. Each of the three primary characters is an aesthete and meets some form of terrible personal doom. Basil Hallward's aestheticism is manifested in his dedication to his artistic creations. He searches in the outside world for the perfect manifestation of his own soul, when he finds this object, he can create masterpieces by painting it (Bloom 109). He refuses to display the portrait of Dorian Gray with the explanation that, "I have put too much of myself into it" (Wilde 106). He further demonstrates the extent to which he holds this philosophy by later stating that, "only the artist is truly reveled" (109). Lord Henry Wotton criticizes Basil Hallward that, "An artist should create beautiful things but should put nothing of his own life into them" (Wilde 25). Ironically, the purpose of Basil Hallward's existence is that he is an aesthete striving to become one with his art (Eriksen 105). It is this very work of art which Basil refuses to display that provides Dorian Gray with the idea that there are no consequences to his actions. Dorian has this belief in mind when he murders Basil. Here we see that the artist is killed for his excessive love of physical beauty; the same art that he wished to merge with is the cause of his mortal downfall (Juan 64). Lord Henry Wotton, the most influential man in Dorian's life, is an aesthete of the mind. Basil is an artist who uses a brush while Wotton is an artist who uses words: There is no good, no evil, no morality and immorality; there are modes of being. To live is to experiment aesthetically in living to experiment all sensations, to know all emotions, and to think all thoughts, in order that the self's every capacity may be imaginatively realized (West 5811). Lord Henry believes that, "it is better to be beautiful than to be good" (Wilde 215). Although he attests that aestheticism is a mode of thought, he does not act on his beliefs. Basil Hallward accuses him saying, "You never say a moral thing and you never do a wrong thing" (5). However, Lord Henry does take the immoral action of influencing Dorian. Although Lord Henry states that, "all influence is immoral" (Wilde 18), he nonetheless drastically changes Dorian Gray. As Dorian acts on the beliefs of Lord Henry, the portrait's beauty becomes corrupted. "Lord Henry presents Dorian with the tenants of his New Hedonism, whose basis is self-development leading to the perfect realization of one's nature" (Eriksen 97). If Lord Henry's aesthetic ideas have validity ,Dorian Gray's portrait should not become ugly, but rather more beautiful. Since the picture becomes loathsome, it is evident that Lord Henry's beliefs are untrue (West 5811). Dorian becomes so disgusted with the horrible portrait that he slashes the canvas, and the knife pierces his own heart. Because Lord Henry is responsible for influencing Dorian Gray, he is partly the cause of the death of Dorian (5810). While Lord Henry is indirectly the cause of Dorian's death, he too causes his own downfall. Lord Henry changes Dorian with the belief that morals have no legitimate place in life. He gives Dorian a book about a man who seeks beauty in evil sensations. Both Lord Henry's actions and thoughts prove ruinous, as his wife leaves him and the remaining focus of his life, youthful Dorian Gray, kills himself in an attempt to further the lifestyle suggested to him by Lord Henry.