The Effect Of Scaffolds On Bone Tissue Engineering

Development of scaffolds plays a vital role in bone tissue engineering in order to repair, regenerate tissues by mimicking of natural bone extracellular matrixes. Considering that bone is a composite of minerals and proteins, it is preferred to develop a composite that mimics natural bone. The ideal nanocomposite materials should have biocompatibility, suitable mechanical and antimicrobial properties, nontoxicity and surface functionality to favor cell proliferation.1,2 Many organic-inorganic materials have been developed to mimic natural bone which is composed of inorganic hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) and organic collagen fibrils. Among these, chitosan (CTS) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been selected extensively due to their excellent biocompatibility with human body.3 CTS is a natural bidegradable polysaccharide, served as the best bioactive biomaterials in bone grafting and well-known for their excellent biocompatibility with the human body environment. CTS composed of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine units, linked in ÃŽ ² (1-4) manner, obtained from chitin by partial or complete deacetylation. It is flexible in nature and has a resistance upon heating. CTS is excellent biomaterial due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity and non-immunogenicity.4,5 HAP has attracted much attention as a biomaterial because its chemical composition is identical to that of human bone. HAP is a highly biocompatible, biostable and bio-adopta ble natural ceramic withShow MoreRelatedEssay On Scaffolds819 Words   |  4 PagesCurrently, there is a global increase in cases of bone disorders and conditions, which is expected to increase as twice as much by 2020 particularly in countries where obesity and poor physical activity are associated with aging[1]. Although reconstructive orthopaedic surgery can be used to treat bone defects and injuries caused by trauma, additional treatments are required for severe breaks or pathological conditions as well as critical bone defects due to malformation, cancer or osteoporosis inRead MoreMechanical Properties Of Bone Tissue Engineering1974 Words   |  8 PagesBiomaterials Used in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review Study Parag Borulkar(Student)*1,Mr.V .L. Bhanavse(Guide) *2 *1Mechanical Engineering, S.K.N College of Engineering Poggy800@gmail.com *2Mechanical Engineering, S.K.N College of Engineering Vishavjit_bhanavase@rediffmail.com Abstract- In the recent past a lot of research has been taking place in the field of bone tissue engineering related to repairing and replacement of bones. In this paper we are going to study three basic bone tissue replacementsRead MoreDeveloping A Composite Scaffold That Integrates Growth Factors935 Words   |  4 Pagesproposal is to develop a composite scaffold that integrates growth factors to overcome neuron growth-preventing factors attributed to glial scarring in injuries to the central nervous system (CNS). The environment formed from glial scarring is inhibitory to the development and survival of cells that are implanted at the site of injury, chiefly due to the inability of axons to extend through glial scars. However, glial scarring is necessary to protect brain tissue from infection and to prevent additionalRead MoreEssay On 2. 3 Cross Linking By Two Photon Polymerization1179 Words   |  5 Pagesapproaches [28, 29] (e.g., stereolithography, electrospinning, and 3D fib er deposition modeling) have garnered attention for fabricating materials for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications. However, those techniques have lower resolution and are not effectively used to mimic features of the architecture of the natural cells and/or tissues. Recently, 2PP has been employed to create the 3D materials because it can generate the structures with feature sizes in the range of sub-100 nm toRead MoreHistory of Injectable Tissue Engineering1656 Words   |  7 PagesInjectable Tissue Engineering INJECTABLE TISSUE ENGINEERING My part of the assignment is to provide a detailed history of Injectable Tissue Engineering. I must also provide details how Injectable Tissue Engineering affects the environment. Ttissue engineering has advanced dramatically in the last 10 years, offering the potential for regenerating almost every tissue and organ of the human body. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine remain a flourishing area of research with manyRead MoreDifferences Between Pla And Pla1208 Words   |  5 Pages Investigations into 2D material substrates were designed to include a number of principles associated with a 3D biodegradable scaffold surface. Firstly cytoskeletal tensions are known to influence MSC lineage commitment on substrates of different elasticities. Figure 8 1 demonstrates hypothetical differences in substrate elasticity as a result of agglomeration. Results from chapter 5 did not specifically address the differences in substrate elasticity due to difficulties with HAp dispersion withinRead MoreEudragit Polymers Be Selected As A Carrier For Fabrication Of Nannofibers?769 Words   |  4 Pagesstructure and therefore makes itself an excellent candidate for use in tissue engineering (Wnek et al, 2003, Khil et al, 2003), cartilage (Fertala et al, 2001, Li et al, 2003), bones (Yoshimoto et al, 2003), arterial blood vessel (Nagapudi et al, 2002), heart (Zong et al, 2003), nerves (Yang et al, 2004) controlled drug release (Kenawy et al, 2002, Zeng et al, 2003) etc. The requirements for a material to be used for tissue engineering purposes are biocompatibility, and biodegradability, as they shouldRead MoreMy Central Nervous System ( Cns )2557 Words   |  11 Pagesinduces the recruitment and activation of immune cells associated with cytokine release [4]. The increased permeability of the BSCB allows for these immune cells to infiltrat e the site of primary injury and further contribute to axonal degeneration and tissue damage [4,8,9,10]. The cascade of events following primary injury (also known as secondary injury) includes: demyelination, glial scar formation, and inhibition of the regenerative process [11]. Conduction deficits result from demyelination causedRead MoreThe Elimination Of A Revision Surgery2244 Words   |  9 Pagescurvature. Current surgical treatment utilizes Titanium alloy spinal implants, rods and screws, to correct scoliosis and hold the spine stable while the bones heal. Even after the initial surgical period, complications or poor results may become apparent due to loss of proper spinal balance (flatback, kyphotic decompensation syndrome), failure of good bone healing (pseudarthrosis) and degeneration or failure of unfused levels of the spine (decompensation, instability). [2-4]. At the time of this proposedRead MoreTechnology And Technology : A New Opportunity For Medicine2103 Words   |  9 Pagesart and commerce since its establishment three decades but has only recently received attention from the biotechnology industry. As of 2010 the potential of 3D printing in areas of tissue engineering and body part creation has been realised; in fact whole new terms such as bio-printing and computer-aided tissue engineering have been established to complement this growing industry1. Three dimensional printing, also termed rapid prototyping (RP) 2, poses an exciting new opportunity for medicine as it

What Does The Stop And Search Essay - 1649 Words

Introduction/Methodology In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the stop and search process. Previous studies have primarily concentrated on whether the stop and search power is used against an ethnic minority background. In this paper, I will be looking at other studies and resources and their views on the stop and search. I will be reviewing what other reliable sources have established based on statistics, facts and opinions and what they believe to be the contemporary modern day issues and benefits of the stop and search process. There has distinctly been an express of concern towards the police conduct of the stop and search strategy which gives distinctive social components the chance to scrutinise law enforcement. Likewise, I will be exploring the impartiality of various races as it is accepted to assume a basic part to why police complete strategies in the way they do. Criminological hypotheses have additionally profited law authorization in making judgments of what could conceiva bly be classed as a criminal conduct . In this way, the distinctive extreme methodologies they take to keep crime from occurring and expanding through collective data based on stop and search. Findings Argument against Stop and Search The Division of Justice statistics in 2011 displays a staggering 12.8% of black motorists are pulled over than whites as 9.8% of whites are stopped and searched whilst driving. Sergeant Sean Whit-comb, public affairs director forShow MoreRelatedExploring A Topical Area Of English Law Of Your Choice1520 Words   |  7 Pageschoice. 2. Introduce the Police Powers to stop and search. 3. Explore the origins of stop and search. 4. Explain the current legal position in relevance to stop and search. 5. Outline the police power to stop and search. 6. Assessing arguments in proposition of the Act. 7. Assessing arguments in opposition of the Act. 8. Explore the relevance of ‘reasonable suspicion’ to the Act. 9. Analyse statistics for stop and search in the UK. Stop and Search under PACE 1984. This assignment will exploreRead MoreWhen It Comes To The Fourth Amendment And Searching A Person’S1634 Words   |  7 Pagesorder for an officer to search an individual’s car, they must have consent, otherwise the search is unreasonable and whatever evidence seized could be inadmissible in the court of law. However, it is possible to conduct a search without consent and seize evidence without a warrant but there ought to be probable cause or reasonable suspicion. The two differ in the sense that reasonable suspicion is based off past experiences and expertise. Probable cause is needed for a search to take place; converselyRead MoreEssay Legal Police Searches609 Words   |  3 Pageswithout a reasonable warrant and that people have a right to feel secure in their homes. There are acts giving police permission to do what ever they need to to keep drunks off the streets. There are also rules and regulations, kind of like a sports game, and, just like games, there are a lways ways to get around these rules. Like finding it legal to randomly stop cars to give people breathalyzer tests, or entering peoples homes and searching for things without a warrant. Unlike a game however, theRead MoreFourth Amendment Protections And Denials1299 Words   |  6 Pagespeople from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government† (What Does the Fourth Amendment Mean?). This has provided citizens with a way to protect their privacy and prohibits the government and law officials from search through one’s personal and private belongings without having a cause to do so. The amendment â€Å"is not a guarantee against all searches and seizures, but only those that are deemed unreasonable under the law† (What Does the Fourth Amendment Mean?). Those who are not participatingRead MoreStop And Frisk, Automobile Searches, And Border And Regulatory Searches1341 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Fourth Amendment can lay the foundation of the laws of search and seizures and warrants, there are still many controversies as to what is classified as a violation of an individual’s Fourth Amendment rights. However, the wording of the Fourth Amendment can be confusing as different individuals interpret privacy in various ways. Terms that may be interpreted differently in the Fourth Amendment can include: 1) right of privacy, 2) search, 3) seizure, 4) arrest, and 5) reasonableness. This paperRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment in Criminal Procedure Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pagesall searches and seizures; if it is declared under law a person can be searched or seized. (â€Å"What does the Fourth Amendment Mean?†). There are some specific things that are governed by the Fourth Amendment that deal specifically with criminal procedure such as arrests with warrants, searches with warrants, arrests without warrants, searches without warrants, seizure of evidence, and different types of stops and seizures (Criminal Procedure). All of this migh t seem confusing to the average AmericanRead MoreSummary Of The Argument Of The Court 1058 Words   |  5 PagesOfficer Raymond’s initial stop is objectively justified under the Fourth Amendment and the New Setonia Statute. Because the truck was old, Officer Raymond’s experience being a police officer, and Mr. Jackson’s making movements towards the glovebox while Officer Billy was approaching the car, this proved there was reasonable suspicion to stop the car. Additionally, even if Mr. Jackson’s car was not a commercial vehicle, there were enough other factors pertaining to search of the truck that made theRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment Of The United States Constitution1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution applies to a person and their home by providing protection against unreasonable seizures and searches. While it provides protection, not every search and seizure can be deemed unreasonable unless it is class ified as per the law, by determining whether there was: a) the level of intrusion of the individuals Fourth Amendment, and b) whether or not it pertains to the government’s interest, such as safety of the public. The right to protectionRead MoreA Perfect Utopia Of Democracy1185 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States has the highest incarceration rate in the world, with 36 states having more prisoners than the next leading country, Cuba (Vice). One of the reasons why we have such a high incarceration rate can be blamed on the policy of stop and frisk. Although stop and frisk policies are implemented in order to better protect our society from drugs and weapons, the way it has been used by law enforcement violates the fourth amendment because of its loose regulations in terms of the use, as well asRead MoreRacial Profiling: Whats the Problem? Essay1289 Words   |  6 Pages There is an issue which is plaguing our community and making the job of a Police Officer more difficult -  Ã‚  Racial Profiling. Many have different opinions on why it happens, and what we should do about it if it does happen. The problem is nobody can come to a consensus on how to solve this problem. It seems to me that racism is still part of our society, and sadly, I think it always will be. We all have prejudices of some sort towards others. It may be because of race, sex, sexual preference, rich

The Founder of Lego Free Essays

The founder of Lego, Ole Kirk Kristiansen, was born on April 7, 1891. Ole Kirk Kristiansen first worked on a farm and later got an apprenticeship with a carpenter that he completed in 1911. He lived in Denmark and served in the military at the Citadel of Copenhagen. We will write a custom essay sample on The Founder of Lego or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the age of 24 Ole Kirk bough the Billund Joinery Factory they manufactured doors, windows, kitchen cabinets, cupboards, coffins, chests of drawers, tools for digging peat, and bodywork for carts. He was a christian man who went about his life thankful for the things god had granted him and tried to achieve excellence within everything. When a global crisis hit Ole Kirk business was hit to. Many Danish farmers lost money and business because of US and Uk restrictions on imports. This created a problem for Ole Kirk because farmers and smallholders were his number one customers. Because no one was buying Ole Kirk had no jobs to do and was forced to make toys for Jens W. Oleson, which started his famous toy making. Ole Kirk became part of the National Association for Danish Enterprise. They promoted his manufacturing efforts during the crisis and put him in a magazine to give advice and promote his goods. Then 2 years after Ole Kirk started making toys(1932) he showed off legos in a trade fair.Lego initial started as a company name that made wooden toys. The Association for Danish Enterprise supported Ole Kirk and gave him a free spot in the trade fair. The beginning of the Lego Group was marked by Ole Kirk’s manufacture of toys such as cars, planes, and yo-yos. Ole Kirk needed money to secure his business’s future, so he asked his family for a 3,000 DKK loan. When Ole Kirk decided to completely make the switch to toys he held a contest to find a new name for the company the prize being a bottle of homemade wine. The winner of the contest was Ole Kirk himself with the name â€Å"Lego.†He got the name by combining the danish words â€Å"Leg Godt† which meant â€Å"play well.† Within a few years Ole Kirk laid the foundation of one of the world’s leading toy manufacturers. Ole Kirk always promised quality with his work and wanted children to play with his toys for many years. He always Produced his wooden toys to his standard and made his kids do the same. Ole Kirk went as far as to make the company’s motto â€Å"Only the best is good enough,† which still applies to the company today. As Ole Kirk’s company grew he stuck to his roots and never got lazy with his work. With company growth also came innovations of tools and machines for Ole Kirk to use. When Ole Kirk bought his first milling machine it was a huge investment, especially because it was worth one third of company profits. Although Ole Kirk saw the massive investment as worth it for the quality and quickness it would help achieve. The mill made it possible for him to hire 15 people but, their jobs were in jeopardy when a fire burned down the factory. Ole Kirk was given a loan to rebuild which made any thought of not rebuilding go away. By the end of that year production was sailing and he was able to hire 40 people. The next big thing that happened to the company was the age of plastic. Ole Kirk invested in a plastic injection molding machine. The first plastic product that The Lego Group makes is a a plastic fish baby rattle. Although Ole Kirk’s family didn’t like the idea of plastic and even tried to switch him back to wood, he persisted though and started making the Legos we know today. They first started out as â€Å"Automatic Binding Blocks† until in 1951 when the name was officially changed to Lego Bricks. The change was because Godtfred Kirk wanted the Lego name to be better recognized throughout the world. Eventually Lego was sculpted into every brick made. It turned out that Ole Kirk was right and the plastic toys lead to expansion across Norway, Sweden, Germany, and other parts of Europe. The company was booming with success and continued to grow and grow. The Lego Brick is continually innovated until January 28, 1958 when the almost perfect brick was designed and patented. The Lego Group and Godtfred Kirk wanted a more dynamic toy and added new pieces like the wheel. This creates more demand for the product and furthers the growth of the company. In 1964 the first building instructions appeared and now specific things could be built. After instructions the main focus was packaging. The packaging told what could be built and drew you in to buying the product. In 1962 Dagny Holm, Godtfred Kirk’s cousin joins the company and revolutionized building forever. This brought many visitors to the factory and it became overcrowded. The solution was to build the first ever Legoland. This place displayed many intricate lego models for many people to come and see. Wanting to expand the companies range of products further lead to the development of the lego figure. High demand and increasing sells lead to more time and effort being put into the figures and eventually they became what is known as Lego Minifigures. They were genderless and had no specific ethnicity. This was so that all the deciding could be in the child’s imagination and creativity. Since their release over four billion Lego Minifigures have been produced. The Lego vision became one of idea, exuberance, and values. Lego want people to use their own imagination to realize anything was possible and keep their values in mind. Lego never lost its passion for its toys or their quality. The business was able to grow because they never forgot where they came from and how they got where they were. By 2005 they wanted to be the leading toy brand for families with children, this was part of the strategic platform to let employees know where the company was headed. Lego became not only a brand but something that had meaning and value attached to it through not only children but the company too. As time continued more innovations came and soon Lego was in the digital game. A man by the name Dandi brought videos of 3-D Legos which prompted investigation of the possibilities of Legos in a computer based system. Eventually this created ideas such as Lego Mindstorms and Lego computer games. The first game, Lego Island, launched in 1977 was the first addition of Legos on a computer the public had seen. Also the following year the Intelligent Lego Brick was created to be built as a model and can be programmed. The Lego group went from a furniture manufacturer to a wooden toy manufacturer to a plastic brick called the Lego manufacturer. As the company innovates its products it never lost sight of its goals and values and was able to build off of a small wood company. Today Lego creates anything from Lego sets to movies and continues to deliver with quality. Many kids today love Legos and the rest of their products as they are still one of the top toys in the world. Lego is an inspiration for many businesses because of their story and how they became one of the biggest businesses worldwide. Legos success is marked by the fact that Ole Kirk’s dreams for his company were achieved and exceeded even his plans for an amazing manufacturing business. How to cite The Founder of Lego, Papers

Airline Industry And Impact Of Deregulation -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Airline Industry And Impact Of Deregulation? Answer: Introducation AWB Limited was the major organization in grain marketing that was based in Australia. Formerly the company was the Australian Wheat Board that was regulated by the government. Thereafter it transformed itself into the public listed and integrated agribusiness. It held the monopoly position as it was the only grains and wheat exporter through single desk system. For this report the annual report of AWB Limited for the year ended 30th September 2009 is taken into consideration (AWB Limited 2018). From the annual report of the company it is identified that goodwill has been tested for impairment during the year. The carrying value of the non-current assets are considered for impairment test while changes or events in the circumstances signifies that carrying value of the asset may not be recovered. However, the asset from which the large cash flows cannot be generated independently then the recoverable amount for the cash generating unit (CGU) to which the asset is included is determined (Amiraslani, Iatridis and Pope 2013). While any significance of impairment is there, the CGU or the assets value is adjusted to the recoverable amount. Further, the goodwill is tested for the purpose of impairment more frequently or annually if any changes or events under the circumstances signify that carrying value of the asset may get impaired. For conducting the impairment test, the goodwill that is acquired in the business combination from the date of acquisition is allocated to the groups CGU that are projected to be benefitted from combination synergies (Edeigba and Amenkhienan 2017). This will be irr espective of the fact that of whether the liabilities are allocated to the units or not. However, AWB Limited allocated the goodwill to Stocklease Pty Ltd Temora Grains Pty Ltd Landmark Financial Services Landmark Copeland Medway Pty Ltd Landmark Rural Services Further, the impairment loss is determined through assessment of recoverable amount of CGU under which the goodwill is related (Cotter 2012). While the CGUs recoverable amount is lower as compared to the carrying amount. The amount of looses from impairment that are recognized are not reversed subsequently. The company recorded $ 119,715,000 as impairment loss under the income statement on account of goodwill for the year ended 30th September 2009. The financial statement preparation in accordance with the Australian Accounting Standards needs of using some critical estimates for accounting. It further requires the management to apply the judgements while applying the accounting policies of the company (Ifrs.org 2018). Key estimates used by the company for impairment testing is that the asset from which the large cash flows cannot be generated independently then the recoverable amount for the cash generating unit (CGU) to which the asset is included is determined. While any significance of impairment is there, the CGU or the assets value is adjusted to the recoverable amount. The carrying value of the long term asset are considered for impairment test while any changes or events in the circumstances signify that the carrying value cannot be recovered. Further, for estimating the provision of impairment is recorded while objective evidence is there that the company will not be able to collect the entire amounts due with regard t o the actual receivable term (Kabir and Rahman 2016). However, the actual result may vary from the estimates. Therefore, the underlying assumptions and estimates are reviewed on the ongoing basis. Further, any revisions to the accounting estimates are recorded under the period which is related to the revision of the estimates and the future affected period, if any. AASB 136 on impairment of asset states that this standard allows the creative accounting treatment by the user. It further seeks the subjective interpretation of the user that can be complied and adaptable by the requirement of the company as well as the management (Ramanna and Watts 2012). The term subjectivity stands for the users perception. As it can be identified the annual report of AWB Limited that the impairment test is conducted on the basis of certain estimates and judgements, there always exist the involvement of users subjectivity. Further, the goodwill is tested for impairment more frequently than annually while any significance is there that the recoverable amount will not be recovered. Therefore, the management can carry out the test during recession or economic downturn for showing more amounts on account of impairments loss and recording lower profits in the income statement of the company (ztrk and Seremeli 2016). This can be further established with the fact that w hen the fair value or recoverable amount is not determinable from the active market the recoverable amount is computed and assigned to CGU on the basis of judgements and estimates. The interesting fact of impairment that found while going through the annual report of AWB Limited is that the AASB 8 which is a disclosure standard have no effect on the amounts recorded in the financial statement of the company. However, it may have indirect effect at the level at which the goodwill is considered for impairment. Further, the amendments may impact the segment disclosure of the company. Further, the difficult part is that if the goodwill is considered for impairment test at more frequently than annually then which indication is to be given maximum importance for the purpose of conducting the test. In addition to these, another difficult part is that more than one recoverable values are determined based on the active market then which one is to be taken into consideration for computing the impairment test. For instance, if the value of business goodwill to one purchaser is $ 600,000 and to another is $ 625,000 then which one is to be considered is a matter of question . Some new insights of impairment gained while going through the annual report of AWB Limited. The 1st one is that the impairment loss for goodwill can never be more than its carrying value that is recorded in the financial statement of the company as goodwill. Further, the amount of impairment loss = value of the assets carrying amount recoverable value of the asset. Another new insight gained is that the impairment test is an ongoing process and the management always have to check on any indication that may signify that the asset may get impaired. The estimated fair values of the fixed assets are based on discounted value of the projected future cash flows. For fixed assets the valuation is made on independent basis and for other assets various factors like sales value of the asset as per the sales agreement, value of the asset as per the active market valuation and other available information are taken into consideration. Further, for the fair value measurement, the company follows IFRS 13 (Rennekamp, Rupar and Seybert 2014). The chairman of the IASB believes that the new change in the leasing agreement of the company will be making the companies more competitive in the business (Danjou and Walton 2012). The new standard is expected to bring about a change in the disclosures which will be the aspects more of making it more realistic in nature. As per the analysis of the companies around the world have around 3 trillion worth of leases which are widely spread across airline business, retail business and shipping business. The business under current standard on leases considers and labels their leases as operating leases. As per the estimates around 85% of the leases are labelled as operating leases which do not show any disclosures in the books of finance (Agrawal et al. 2012). These operating leases will be definitely be creating real liabilities, hence the chairperson is of the opinion that if the current accounting standard is allowed to operate than the economic reality of the company will not be revea led (Altamuro et al. 2014). As per the situation most of the business used the advantages of the current standard on lease disclosures which allowed these companies to report a lot lesser amount of leases in the financial statements as most of these leases were labelled as operating leases by these companies which enabled them to show a favourable balance sheet. Most of the companies would then show a small part of the leases which is considered healthy for the business in the balance sheet and the rest of the leases would be off balance sheet. As per the chairperson of the IASB, some of the companies which have significant leasing commitments but are still able to show a lean balance sheet due to the current standard in force (Colla, Ippolito and Li 2013). This is the reason why the company may have more than 66% of lease liability as compared to the debt which are reflected in the balance sheet. The chairman of the IASB is under the impression that the airline companies under the former standard of leasing were not on the same ground in terms of competition wise. The uses of leases by companies like airline industry, retail industry and shipping industry as mentioned by the chairperson of the IASB (Choi, Peasnell and Toniato 2013). An airline which leases more of its aircrafts will naturally have a better balance sheet than a company which is in the habit of purchasing these aircrafts. The balance sheet and financial obligations of the company which has purchased may not be that good; however the situation in the case of a company which leases the aircrafts which the business uses may not be in a better position either (You 2017). The reason for this is because that such companies recognizes the leases as operating leases and the airlines business shows a favourable financial statements which in reality may not be that good in terms of debts of the company. As per the new standard which is going to be introduced is going to have massive changes in how leases are treated and also on the disclosure requirements of the company. The new standard on leasing will ensure that all types of leases are recognized and recorded in the financial statements. In other words the new standard will be replacing and resolving the problems which were associated with the leasing agreements (Jennings and Marques 2012). Moreover the accounting under the new lease will be showing more economic reliability. The reason due to which the standard will be unpopular among the most of the listed companies is because this will change the environment and the companies will be needed to survive this sort of change. Moreover the standard robs them of the advantage which was provided earlier by the former standard. In addition to this the companies will be facing an increase in costs which such companies have to adjust to due to the introduction of the new standard (Morre ll 2013). The chairperson is of the opinion that the new standard will definitely increase the costs of the company but such an increase in the cost is worth the accountability and efficiency which the new standard on leasing is going to bring in the disclosure of accounts with concern to leases. As per the chairperson of IASB the new standard will be bringing better informed decision making process due to the points given below: Firstly the new standard is going to make all leases qualified to be recorded in the financial statements which will give the shareholders a better idea of the total debt which is taken by the business (Williams 2017). Usually the leases which are taken by the companies are always attached to certain risks. Thus the investors will have an opportunity to analyse the risks of the business before investing in the business. Reference Agrawal, V.V., Ferguson, M., Toktay, L.B. and Thomas, V.M., 2012. Is leasing greener than selling?.Management Science,58(3), pp.523-533. Altamuro, J., Johnston, R., Pandit, S.S. and Zhang, H.H., 2014. Operating leases and credit assessments.Contemporary Accounting Research,31(2), pp.551-580. Amiraslani, H., Iatridis, G.E. and Pope, P.F., 2013. Accounting for asset impairment: a test for IFRS compliance across Europe. Centre for Financial Analysis and Reporting Research (CeFARR). AWB Limited., 2018. [online] Available at: https://awblimited.com/ [Accessed 26 Jan. 2018]. Choi, Y.S., Peasnell, K. and Toniato, J., 2013. Has the IASB been successful in making accounting earnings more useful for prediction and valuation? UK evidence.Journal of Business Finance Accounting,40(7-8), pp.741-768. Colla, P., Ippolito, F. and Li, K., 2013. Debt specialization.The Journal of Finance,68(5), pp.2117-2141. Cotter, D., 2012.Advanced financial reporting: A complete guide to IFRS. Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Danjou, P. and Walton, P., 2012. The Legitimacy of the IASB.Accounting in Europe,9(1), pp.1-15. Edeigba, J. and Amenkhienan, F., 2017. The Influence of IFRS Adoption on Corporate Transparency and Accountability: Evidence from New Zealand. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 11(3), pp.3-19. Ifrs.org., 2018. IFRS. [online] Available at: https://www.ifrs.org/ [Accessed 26 Jan. 2018]. Jennings, R. and Marques, A., 2012. Amortized cost for operating lease assets.Accounting Horizons,27(1), pp.51-74. Kabir, H. and Rahman, A., 2016. The role of corporate governance in accounting discretion under IFRS: Goodwill impairment in Australia. Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics, 12(3), pp.290-308. Morrell, P.S., 2013.Airline finance. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. ztrk, M. and Seremeli, M., 2016. Impact of New Standard" IFRS 16 Leases" on Statement of Financial Position and Key Ratios: A Case Study on an Airline Company in Turkey. Business and Economics Research Journal, 7(4), p.143. Ramanna, K. and Watts, R.L., 2012. Evidence on the use of unverifiable estimates in required goodwill impairment.Review of Accounting Studies,17(4), pp.749-780. Rennekamp, K., Rupar, K.K. and Seybert, N., 2014. Impaired judgment: The effects of asset impairment reversibility and cognitive dissonance on future investment.The Accounting Review,90(2), pp.739-759. Williams, G., 2017.The airline industry and the impact of deregulation. Routledge. You, J., 2017. The Impact of IFRS 16 Lease on Financial Statement of Airline Companies (Doctoral dissertation, Auckland University of Technology).

Georg Baselitzs Orange Eater

Table of Contents Introduction Early life of Georg Baselitz The Orange Eater The Orange eater and the different theories in art Conclusions Bibliography Footnotes Introduction The field of art has been in existence since the ancient times. It provides a mechanism through which the artists express their feelings and emotions. Art encompasses a wide range of activities through which these individuals can express emotions or feelings.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Georg Baselitz’s Orange Eater specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This includes music, literature, paintings, and sculpture among many others. The products developed here are valued for their beauty or the information that it portrays to the viewers. The field has had certain developments over years due to the changing creative ability of the different individuals. The modes through which individuals express their feelings have changed o ver the periods in different parts of the world. Some modes of expression that have had significant developments are music, painting arts, and recently, the art of movie making. Certain artistic competitions bring together different artists of a given genre with different abilities thereby creating competition. The viewers of the arts products have also developed more interest on the information depicted by a given art product rather than its aesthetic value. These changes in the individual’s views of arts and artistic works explain the different generations of arts that have been witnessed in the recent past. Since there is a relationship between arts and the culture of a given group of people, the developments that have been registered in an area may be different from those registered in another area. One region whose art has been of interest is Germany. Some of the generations that have been observed in the German art include Neo-Expressionism, Modern Art, Post-modern art, and inverted art. The developments that were seen in the German art can be attributed to different individual. One of the artists of the twentieth century who had significant contributions is Georg Baselitz. Others like Hans Thoma dominated the field in the nineteenth century[1]. It should be noted that paintings (or any other artworks) should portray some meaning. In doing so, they should also express some sense of morals and be in line with the legal provisions in a given region. This paper focuses on the contributions of Baselitz to the German arts. Some of his works that had significant impacts are highlighted here. Germany also excelled in other arts apart from painting among photography[2]. The traditional arts involved manual creation of images. With the modern technology, some of these tasks could be performed by other devices. This includes computer arts, videos, and television programs. However, such applications have led to conflicting themes in the postmodern arts as th e products become personal and self-critical[3].Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Early life of Georg Baselitz George Baselitz was born on January 3, 1938 in Deutschbaselitz, Germany[4]. His original name was Hans-Georg Kern, the name Baselitz would be adopted later in 1961 when he was enrolled for a Masters course at Hochschule der Kunste. His life has revolved around the field of arts, starting as a painter and developing further skills to become a trainer. He has had significant contributions in changing the course the German throughout the second half of the twentieth century to this date. Baselitz had developed interest in artwork from his youth. He first encountered works of art in the school library (he was staying with his father and other family members in the school compound). Of more interest to him was the Expressionist impression that was depicted by the Germ an art. Folk arts, children arts, or art of the insane[5] were the fundamental themes in much of the German arts, and these he found interesting. He began painting human portraits and still-life drawings at the early age of 14-15[6]. In 1956, he enrolled for arts studies at the Academy of Fine and Applied Art, East Berlin. This marked the beginning of his adventures in the field of arts. The instructors at the institution claimed that most of his works had negative impressions and did not depict social and political maturity. Thus, he was later expelled from the academy and left for West Berlin where he continues with his art studies. Later on, he enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts, West Berlin, where pursued his postgraduate studies. During this period (in 1960), he adopted the name Baselitz, a name that he derived from his hometown[7]. His career as an artist had significant developments throughout this decade. He was in the class of Professor Hann Trier and learned different th eories by arts scholars. Much of his work had emotional impressions that were appealing to the viewers in some way. By the mid-1960s, Baselitz had begun to focus on political issues. His paintings were seen to touch on transformational or revolutionary movements in the society. Towards the end of the decade, he embarked on a different approach to artwork, the inverted art, a unique generation of artwork that would be fully attributed to him. One of his works that invoked criticism was a naked woman that had been painted upside down. Baselitz and many others in the field of arts have been in fore front to fight the negative and false images that can be derived from artistic works. He has also extended his artworks beyond painting, by involving in wood sculpture among other arts. The Orange Eater The major developments in Baselitz’s artwork began in 1958 when he moved from East Berlin to West Berlin to continue with his study. It was at this time that he developed his first ori ginal work. His first original work was the imaginary portraits named â€Å"Uncle Bernhard.†[8]Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Georg Baselitz’s Orange Eater specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the same year, Baselitz began to work on another series â€Å"Rayski-Head,† and attended different exhibitions of Modern art New York. From the mid-1960s through the 1970s, Baselitz interacted with different people, collaborated with some of the artists, presented his works in different shows, and developed different series. Some of his works were condemned confiscated by the public officers for indecency[9]. The themes of his paintings varied from time to time and towards the end of 1970s, some of his works were abstract with fragmented pictures that did not provide initial impression. This explained the position that he took together with others regarding Neo-Expressionism (expressive paint ings with recognizable subject matter). Some of the early works of Baselitz like the still-life drawings, landscape drawings or human portraits were visual rendering. The exact image could be figured out by the viewers and the intended messages conveyed. Some of the paintings also applied allegory[10]. Images of ordinary objects were used as symbol to portray a different meaning in the social setup. However, other paintings were somehow abstract and had meanings that could not be figured out well. The â€Å"Orange Eater† was developed in the early 1980s alongside the other series â€Å"Drinker†/ â€Å"Trinker.† Orange Eater was developed in the Neo-Expressionism movement. The series had a shift from the themes of arts that had dominated the 1970s. It had been noted that most paintings of the 1970s were mainly conceptual. The conceptualists believed that more visual sensation of paintings meant low cognitive value.[11] At this time, there was a constant cry that artists should develop paintings whose theme can be easily understood by the viewers. As such, Baselitz and other German artists of the 1980s began to develop paintings that portrayed familiar objects. The artists expressed their emotions by using bright coloration on the objects drawn. With the re-introduction of this approach in the field of art, there was a significant change in the face of images, which could then be figured out by the viewers. However; some abstraction could still be seen in these Neo-Expressionist images. The Orange Eater and the other series that were produced in the 1980s had both positive and negative impacts on his career. The series of the 1980s saw the artist being invited for various shows outside the European continent. He received constant invitations to present in various arts galleries in the United States. Many artists developed interest in his works and many more sought to acquire the unique skills that were evident in him. Different training inst itutions sought for his aid in developing the appropriate skills required of an artist. This would determine his profession that he practices to date.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, the development of Orange Eater in the Neo-Expressionism movement had certain negative impact that was general to the whole movement. Most of the paintings in these series portrayed images of naked human beings. This was seen by many critics as lack of morals by the artists. The Orange Eater was viewed differently in different parts of the world in relation to arts generation to which it belonged. This was most likely caused by the different development pace that was observed in the field of arts in different parts of the world. Most of the artists and the scholars in Europe considered the works of this series as post-modern art. On the other hand, the series was regarded as neo-expressionist by the artists and scholars in the United States. The Orange eater and the different theories in art It has been stated that different theories exist in the field of arts and some are still controversial to date. These theories include the modern theory, the neo-expressionism theory, the inverted art, and the postmodern theory. These theories had remarkable differences. They were also considered differently in different parts of the world. The modern art is the theory that can be considered as initial development from the traditional approach that was used in art. The theory has different chronology in different parts, having developed as early as the nineteenth century in some parts of the world. The theory adopted a narrative format for all the works of art. Art was considered as tool to describe the feelings of an individual. The theory also held on decency in the images that were to be used to give the expressions. The visual rendering of the images was key feature in this theory. The neo-expressionism began some time in the late 1970s following the abstraction of the paint images that were common at that time[12]. The painters ‘reasserted the creative possibilities of emotionalism, of narrative, and of historical content and of art historical references.’[13] The images before this period were mainly abstract and their meanings could be explained. The theory advocated for clear images to be produced by the artists. It rekindled the need to paint recognizable images like those of human beings so that the viewers could gauge the artist’s intent. It was widely spreads by the media promotion and marketing by the dealers in galleries.[14] However, the use of naked human beings in some paintings discredited this art theory. The theory was also seen to discriminate against females as most of the exhibitions carried during its period mainly male painters. In fact, there are certain exhibitions that involved no female painters at al. the theory prevailed in the field of arts in the 1970s and the 1980s. More criticisms led to adoption of other theories, some of which had been in existence before. The inverted art theory is purely attributed to Georg Baselitz following an image that he painted of a woman in an upside -down position.[15] However, the theory is of little use in the field of arts. The theory of post-modernism came as a development of the modern art.[16] Just as the theory of the modern art, this theory was adopted at different times in different parts of the world. It was evident as early as 1940s in the United States[17] and in the late 1960s in the European countries. In the US, this period designated the completion of another cycle of modern art[18]. The theory contrasted the narrative path and decency of the modern art. The theory also differed from the neo-expressionism in that it had no gender issues. The Orange Eater series does not take a narrative path. It is characterized by lack of decency. Thus, the series suffice to have followed a post-modern theory of art. Conclusions The field of arts has an endless loop of transformation due to the new ideas that emerge among the different artists. Different theoretical approaches following the different abilities pf the artists an d the divergent values attached to paintings and other works of arts. The contributions of Georg Baselitz to the field of arts cannot be underestimated. He has been depicted to have unique skills and artistic abilities that have generated different approaches to arts. His current career as a trainer in the field of arts designates the climax of his contributions to this field. Bibliography Baselitz, Georg. Nostalgia in Istanbul-Biography. Web. Baselitz, George. Biography, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc. 1994-2010. Web. Fichner-Rathus, Louis. Foundations of Art and Design. New Jersey: Cengage Brain, 2007 Honour, Hugh and Fleming, John. A world history of art. London: Laurence King Publishing, 2005 Hopkins, David. After Modern Art; 1945-2000. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Kort, Pamela. Georg Baselitz talks to Pamela Kort – ’80s Then – Interview. 2003. Web. Lyotard, Jean-Francois. The postmodern explained: correspondence, 1982-1985. New York: Amazon, 1993 . McLachlan, Gerald. The rough guide to Germany. New York: Amazon, 2004. Mooney, Kempton. The evolution of conceptual art in America, (FKM Books). Neo-Expressionism. Web. Schulte-Peevers, Andrea. Lonely Planet Germany. (Germany: Lonely Planet, 2010). Selz, Peter. German expressionist painting. California: University of California, 1974. Smith, Bernard. The Femalesque: a guide to modern art and its history. Australia: Palgrave Macmillan Australia, 2007. Wilder, Joseph. Art history for dummies. Chicago: dummies, 2007. Wilson, Brent. Art visual culture, and child /adult collaborative images: recognizing the other than. Art journal. Penn Sylvia: the Penn Sylvia State University. 2007. Footnotes Gordon McLachlan, The rough guide to Germany (New York: Amazon, 2004), 336. Andrea Schulte-Peevers, Lonely Planet Germany (Germany: Lonely Planet, 2010), 75 Jesse Bryant Wilder, Art history for dummies (Chicago: dummies, 2007), 372. Georg Baselitz, Nostalgia in Istanbul, n.d, para.1 George Basel itz Biography, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc. 1994-2010. Baselitz, n.d, para.2 Baselitz, n.d, para.8 Baselitz, n.d, para.5 Pamela Kort, Georg Baselitz Talks to Pamela Kort- ‘80s Then- Interview (April 2003): para.5 Peter Selz, German expressionist painting (California: University of California, 1974), 153. Kempton Mooney, The evolution of conceptual art in America (FKM Books), 3 Hugh Honour and John Fleming, A world history of art (London: Laurence King Publishing, 2005), 877. Lois Fichner-Rathus, Foundations of Art and Design (New Jersey: Cengage Brain, 2007), 304. Neo-Expressionism, n.d, para.1 Brent Wilson. â€Å"Art visual culture, and child /adult collaborative images: recognizing the Other than† Art journal (2007). Jean-Francois Lyotard, The postmodern explained: correspondence, 1982-1985 (New York: Amazon, 1993), 13. David Hopkins, After Modern Art; 1945-2000. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000); 12 Bernard Smith, The Femalesque: a guide to modern art and i ts history (Australia: Palgrave Macmillan Australia, 2007), 105. 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Gift of Life essays

Gift of Life essays The purpose of this paper will be to evaluate the benefits of organ donation and the steps to obtain one. Organ donation is a very controversial topic with various questions involved and the proceedings to acquire an organ. While there are people that believe that organ donation is unethical and should not be supported, it will be discussed and proved how imperative it is in todays culture for organ donation to be available for all. Possibly, if our nation was more aware of this growing issue, there would not be so many concerns regarding this topic, however the people willing to give the amount that is needed isnt near enough. Within the ever changing medical field it is imperative that something should be done about the shortage of donations as it is becoming ever more vital for people to obtain a transplant. Uniform Anatomical Gift Act (UAGA), was established in 1968, in all of the fifty states. This act provided that at the time of a persons death their kidney, liver, or other organ(s) could be used to benefit a life. Due to this act there have been numerous people benefiting from living a longer, fuller life because of the gift of an organ. After being accepted to receive an organ transplant, the person is registered with United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS Organ Center) after which a system of computers links all organ procurement organizations, also called OPOS. They are a non-profit organization and become involved when a patient has been proclaimed as being brain dead thus becoming a potential candidate. The Organ Center matches, and transports the shared organs throughout the United States. The computer system automatically will produce a list of potential recipients positioned according the individuals criteria, such as the patients blood type, medical urgency, the parti cular organ needed etc. Subsequent to this step the coordinator of the program informs the surgeon of the top-ranking ca...

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Summarize and assess - Essay Example In this note, Vattimo also emphasized that metaphysics have no place in this dialogue since metaphysics have already taken the path of interpreting their knowledge that is limited on scientific knowledge and approach—with it are very defined scientific system of belief and tradition i.e. objectivism. At the latter part of his discussion, Vattimo concluded that Christianity should not be tied down on just one entity—which is always is the stereotypical perspective, particularly with Roman Catholicism. The concept of harmonious living, of everything that is good, ethical, and moral must be a sense of charity we feel for one another. And when there is the presence of God, there is Charity (Caputo & Vattimo, p. 45). Thus, when we choose not to clash with one another, that means we are being charitable, thus we are being Christians. Ergo, we profess Christianity in a non-religious perspective. One of the many critical arguments that Vattimo presented in his premise, towards his discourse on proving his point of a nonreligious Christianity is the importance of knowledge and its subjectivity. â€Å"In anything I must choose a perspective.† Science deliberately limited their knowledge because they devoid themselves of their private interests that does not concern their science (p. 27). Though science’s claims of objectivity had help put a finite order in our daily lives, it is clear that Vattimo have efficiently excluded metaphysics in his discourse because Christianity as a philosophical discourse could not be pursued with objectivity. Another critical point that Vattimo made is that knowledge is culturally dictated, as well as the use of language. Therefore, interpretation is also culturally defined. The use of language as a part of a cultural system means that it has its own rules. As he cited, he could be praying the Lord’s Prayer, yet speaking on a spiritual language. Because Vattimo’s discourse is

King James I of England (VI of Scotland) Research Paper

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Islamic Banking and Finance - Essay Example The essay "Islamic Banking and Finance" talks about the structure and concepts of Islamic banking and financial systems. The Islamic financial system guarantees that the formulation of capital would take place at a desirable rate and because it would be utilized efficiently there would be sustainable economic expansion along with everyone receiving equal advantages. It was about four decades back that Islamic banking and finance discipline came up. There was an awareness of the abstract expansions of Islamic banking back then during the late 1940s. By the next twenty years, they increased such that there was a model developed which the Middle Eastern nations adopted in order to meet the requirements of their kinds of banks. Several of such Islamic banks came up by the 1970s and they had a good enough reputation. By the beginning of the 1980s the Islamic banking industry was already emerging and at that time three Muslim nations (Iran, Pakistan, and Sudan) made a decision of transforming their system of economics and finance to Islamic. Following this, there was an establishment of individual Islamic windows and subsidiaries by the financial market players of the West. In the recent times, there are many people who have been thinking since the last few years that Islamic finance and the banking systems are similar to the conventional banking systems. In many cases, it has been said that the similarity is being generated so as to make the Islamic rules in the banking and the economics look much more diluted. As in many cases it has been found that the term Islamic banking or the Islamic finance has been one of the misleading terms when the many similarities between the Islamic and the conventional banking is taken into account. This paper shall thereby make an attempt to remove the misleading meanings that in many cases has been blurring the true image of the Islamic banking in the world. Islamic banking has many differences as compared to the conventional banking and here the differences shall be highlighted. An important role is being played by the Shariah advisers as these are the one who have the responsibility to take the responsibilities of all the laws and the rules being followed in the Islamic bankin

Oxygen Consumption in Cellular Respiration

Oxygen Consumption in Cellular Respiration Introduction   Dormant seeds are seeds that are living but have a seed coat around them. They have all the supplies they need to process and have a metabolism, and they would be able to germinate if they were under the right conditions.1 Germination occurs when dormant seeds are placed in the right conditions to start to enlarge and open so roots start to protrude. Oxygen, water, temperature, and amount of light are all important factors for germination. For peas to germinate, they need a dark, warm environment after soaking in water.   Cellular respiration is a metabolic process. Eventually, catabolic reactions are used to break down an organic molecule to release energy. Cellular respiration occurs through three stages: Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and oxidation phosphoralation. Cellular respiration is aerobic, and glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) go into the reaction, and through the process, carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and up to 38 ATP are produced. This means that during the process, the glucose is broken down and the oxygen is consumed. As this happens, carbon dioxide and water come out and energy is released into the cell.   The general gas equation, otherwise known as the Ideal Gas Law, states: PV=nRT such that P is pressure, V is gas volume, n is the amount of gas molecules, R is the gas constant that remains the same and is measured in units of the other aspects, and T is temperature of the gas. The general gas equation is important because it shows that pressure and volume are inversely proportional in the molecules and temperature stays the same. Also, if the molecule number stays the same, but the temperature changes, the pressure and volume are directly proportional to temperature and one or both will change in the same direction. A respirometer measures how much oxygen is used during cellular respiration. The basic concept is, as oxygen from the air in the respirometer will be consumed in the reaction; the volume of the oxygen gas decreases, and the pressure decreases as well. When the pressure decreases, water from outside the respirometer will proportionally come into the pipette, and if the amount entering is measured, then the amount of oxygen consumed is the same. Potassium hydroxide solution reacts with carbon dioxide to form potassium carbonate. The carbon dioxide will be completely used in the reaction, so none will be left in the surroundings. In the experiment, the carbon dioxide that is produced will move towards the 15% KOH solution and will create the solid potassium carbonate. Therefore, any volume change is not related to the CO2.   The purpose of the experiment is to determine how much O2 is used in cellular respiration. In addition, the different rates of reactions of germinated peas compared to dry peas is tested to determine if one is more efficient, and different temperatures are tested to see which has the greatest effect. It was hypothesized that the germinated peas will have a higher rate of reaction and therefore consumes more oxygen than the dry peas. Also, the peas in the warmer water will have a higher rate of reaction as well. Materials and Methods 50mL tube H2O Tub with 10 ° C Water Extra ice Tub with room-temperature Water 50 germinating peas 50 dried peas Glass beads Paper towels Six vials Six stoppers with glass calibrated pipettes attached Absorbent cotton Nonabsorbent cotton Dropper 6mL 15% KOH solution 6 weights Tape Thermometer The room temperature water tub was placed out before the experiment took place to insure that the water reached equilibrium. Ice was added to the water of the second tub to keep a constant temperature of 10 ° C. This temperature was maintained by adding ice when needed throughout the experiment. A tube was filled with 25mL of H2O. 25 germinating peas were added, and the water displacement was recorded. This was the volume of the 25 germinating peas. The peas were then placed on a paper towel to dry off. The tube was refilled, and 25 dried peas were added. Glass beads were added until the same volume of germinating peas was reached. The peas and beads were placed on a paper towel to dry. The tube was refilled and only glass beads were added until the germinating peas volume was reached. The beads were placed on a paper towel to dry. The process of adding germinating peas, dried peas, and glass beads to 25mL of H2O was repeated so there were two sets of each. Next, the respirometers were created. Absorbent cotton was placed on the bottom of each of the six vials. One milliliter of 15% KOH was placed on the cotton, making sure that the sides of the vials remained dry. Nonabsorbent cotton was placed on top of the moistened cotton. For vial 1, the first set of germinating peas was placed on top of the cotton. Vial 2 had the first set of dried peas and beads, and vial three had the first set of only beads. Vial four had the second set of germinating peas, vial five had the second set of dried peas and beads, and vial six and the second set of beads. The stoppers with the pipettes were placed in each vial. A weight was attached to the bottom of each. Tape was placed across each tub to create a sling. The first 3 vials were placed in the tub of room-temperature water, and the last three were placed in the 10 ° C water tub. The pipettes of all were placed on the sling so that the vials were not completely in the water. After seven minutes, all the respirometers were submerged in the water so that the numbers on the pipette could still be read. After 3 minutes, the initial water amount was recorded for each vial. The temperature in both tubs was recorded. The water position was recorded for each vial in both tubs every 5 minutes for 20 minutes. Once done, the respirometers were taken apart, the cotton and peas were discarded, and the rest of the respirometers were washed and dried. The water in the tubs was discarded in the sink. Results It was hypothesized that the germinating peas would have a faster rate of reaction than the dried peas, and the ones in the room temperature water would have a better reaction rate than the ones in 10 ° water. The results support the hypothesis. As shown in Table 3, the difference column shows the initial reading minus the reading of the time for each vial, this represents how much water has entered into the pipette since the beginning of the experiment. If the water entered more, then the pressure inside the vial must have decreased, therefore the oxygen in the vial must have been consumed during the experiment. The germinating peas had much more of a difference than the dried peas. Therefore, oxygen was consumed must faster in the germinating peas than the dried ones. The hypothesis was correct. The glass beads were the control of the experiment, since there was no respiration taking place in those respirometers; therefore, if there were any outside forces affecting the experiment, they would be detected in this respirometer. In table 3, the difference in the initial and each time check was shown for beads. The pressure did change slightly in both the room temperature and 10 ° C water. This could be due to the temperature change of the air, resulting in the temperature change in the water and respirometer. According to the general gas law, if the temperature increases, the pressure or volume will also increase, and this would cause the water to leave the pipette. Therefore, the difference would be negative since there is less water in the tube than the initial amount. The corrected differences shown in Table 3 are found by subtracting the difference of the beads initial reading and reading at the moment from the difference between the initial amount and the reading of the moment of the peas. This is the amount of pressure just lost only due to cellular respiration. When the corrected difference is negative, that means that the pressure increased in the vial, as discussed above. The corrected differences in the 20 ° water are shown in Figure 1. The germinating peas increased a lot more than the dried peas, shown by the steep slope of the germinating peas in 20 ° C water. The dried peas actually had a negative corrected difference, which indicates either an increase in pressure or increase in temperature. Figure 2 shows the corrected differences in the 10 ° C water. The germinating peas still had a higher rate of reaction for cellular respiration in the colder water. The dried peas had a negative corrected difference, so like the ones in the r oom temperature water, this indicates either temperature of pressure increases around the respirometers. The hypothesis that cellular respiration would occur more in the room temperature respirometers than the 10 ° C water was correct. The germinating peas in the room temperature water consumed far more oxygen than the ones in the 10 ° water. As shown in Table 3, in the first five minutes, the germinating peas in the room water caused the pressure to drop .2 mL in the respirometer. The ones in the cold water only caused the pressure to drop .06mL, the big difference already shows that higher temperatures affect cellular respiration positively. Figure 3 shows the two germinating peas in the different water. The ones in room temperature water have a steep slope compared to the ones in the 10 ° C water. The curves indicate that the cellular respiration increased faster in the germinating peas in the room temperature water than the ones in the 10 ° C water. The difference between the two temperatures shows that the cellular respiration has an ideal temperature to achieve efficiency of the respiration, and that room temperature is better than 10 ° C water.

Different Worlds of Black Girl Lost and Baby of the Family :: Black Girl Lost Essays

Different Worlds of Black Girl Lost and Baby of the Family  Ã‚     Ã‚   Although, African Americans are considered minorities in the United States, not all of them live in poverty. Many African Americans live in a middle class society along with the dominant culture. However, many African Americans do not live in a middle class society, but rather live in poverty and have to suffer along with this poverty. For instance, Donald Goines’s Black Girl Lost and Tina McElroy Ansa’s Baby of the Family, two narrative novels, that illustrate the difference in two young African American girls lives and the society in which they inhabit. Not only do these young African American girls represent the two sides of poverty, they also represent how children can also qualify in the minority category. For example, Sandra lives in a run down apartment with a drunk mother who could care less about her daughter. In addition, Sandra remains all on her own and has to find ways in which to survive each day. But on the other hand, Lena lives in a nice size h ome with her two parents, her two brothers, and her grandmother, all who love her very much. Moreover, Lena has many family members who look after her and take extra special care for her because she is the baby of the family. Although, both Sandra and Lena lead very different lives, both are faced with challenges as a minority and as a child which questions their view on life. The home in which a child lives in is suppose to be a place of warmth, love, and protection. A home also offers other important aspects into a child’s life, for instance, self-confidence, pride, and security. If a child does not reside in a home that offers warmth, love, and protection, that child will not feel good about herself or the home in which she lives in. A child wants a home that he or she can be proud of enough to bring home a friend or two. In addition, if a child does not feel safe and secure in his or her home, then she will not posses these qualities in the outside world. Moreover, their lack of security can cause major disruptions and distractions within their everyday routine, like with Sandra. For example, the homes that Lena and Sandra live in illustrate the exact opposite of each other.